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It Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Microsoft update varieties

Definition update

A

A widely released and frequent software update that contains additions to a products definition database. Definition databases are often used to detect objects that have specific attributes such as malicious code.

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2
Q

Update varieties

Critical update

A

A widely released fix for a specific problem that addresses a critical non security related bug

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3
Q

Microsoft update varieties

Driver

A

Software that controls input/output

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4
Q

Virus scanners

A
  • keep up to date

- most antivirus softwares allows online updating of the virus definition files

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5
Q

Spyware

A
  • software that covertly gathers user information through the users internet connection without their knowledge
  • can gather emails/ passwords using things like keyloggers or screen watching software
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6
Q

Hoax

A
  • is not a virus at all but a message warning you about the threat of a virus
  • intended to get you to install yourself
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7
Q

Trojan horse

A
  • programs that pretend to be innocent programs

Trojan horses do not replicate themselves but are often used as droppers of viruses

  • sometimes they don’t try to spend anything but attempt to destroy your computer
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8
Q

Worms

A
  • program that replicates itself over a computer network
  • do not attach to another program
  • subclass of virus
  • depending on the form, a worm may be able to propogate without any action on the victims part
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9
Q

Virus

A
  • purpose to invade computer (make a copy of itself)
  • maybe a program of parts of computer instructions
  • not necessarily destructive but may carry a payload
  • can piggy back on another process or document to be executed
  • a trigger can be used to activate, could be a date or a program action
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10
Q

Virus precautions

A
  • never trust any attachments
  • don’t depend on your virus scanner to do all the work
  • save file to HD open with notepad look at first two letter and if they are MZ or PE be very careful
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11
Q

Optional updates

A

Can include updates, drivers, or new software from Microsoft to enhance experience

  • can only install manually
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12
Q

Recommended update

A

Addresses non critical problems or helps enhance your computing. Not a critical fix but can offer meaningful improvements

  • can be installed automatically
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13
Q

Important updates

A

Offer significant benefits, such as improved security privacy and reliability. They should be installed as they become available

  • can be installed automatically
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14
Q

User update options selections

A
  • important updates
  • recommended updates
  • optional updates
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15
Q

Microsoft update varieties

  • feature pack
A

New product functionality that is first distributed outside the context of a product release and that is typically included in the next full product release

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16
Q

Microsoft update varieties

  • security update
A

A widely released fix for a product specific, security related vulnerability. These are rated by their severity, severity rating is indicated in the Microsoft security bulletin as critical, important, moderate, low

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17
Q

Microsoft update varieties

  • tool
A

A utility of feature that helps complete a task or set of tasks

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18
Q

What are windows updates

A

Updates are additions to software that can help prevent or fix problems, improve how your computer works, or enhance your computing experience

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19
Q

Fall back up

A

All data on all servers are copied to a storage medium

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20
Q

Incremental backup

A

Only data that has changed since the last back up is copied to a storage medium

21
Q

Back up strategies

A
  • hot or cold sites - look up
  • sub contract work
  • paper based work
22
Q

Differential backup

A

Only data that has changed since the last full back up are copied to a storage medium, and information is the marked for subsequent back up

23
Q

Disaster recovery

A
  • process of restoring critical functionality and data after enterprise wide outage that affects more than a single system or limited group
  • must take into account of the possible extremes rather than relatively minor situations
24
Q

Businesses Continuity planning

A

A plan as to how our business will continue to operate during the time it takes to recover from a loss ( of data or physical equipment)

25
Q

What is a system restore

A
  • introduced in Microsoft so
  • services running in the background
  • takes a snapshot of necessary system settings, files, folders and registry keys to keep a point in time reference known as a checkpoint
26
Q

How does a system restore work

A
  • it is enabled by default
  • if you disable it you will lose all earlier checkpoints when reenabled a new check point is created
  • by default uses 3-5% of available disk space for each drive that it is set to monitor , up to a maximum of 10 GB
  • system restore automatically deletes restore points after ninety dates
  • if the computer is left powered on it automatically creates a checkpoint every 24 hours
27
Q

Archive bit

A
  • a Microsoft file attribute
  • it’s state indicates wether or not the file has been backed up
  • when a file is created or modified the archive bit set
  • when a back up is done the bit is cleared
  • archive bit is used for incremental back ups
  • when a file that has been cleared is moved into a new file system that bit is reported to set
28
Q

Windows registry system

A
  • stored in files that have a binary format
  • are always locked by the operating system
  • not possible to delete the registry database files of the same operating system when it is running
29
Q

Registry is compromised of two major categories

A

Hkey_local_machine (HKLM)

hkey_current_user (HKCU)

30
Q

hKCU Hkey_current)user

A
  • stores user and application settings

- supporting files are e users profile folder. The primary file is named “nursery.dat”

31
Q

HKLM hkey_local_machine

A

Handles the hardware information

  • supporting files are located in the hidden windows/system32/config folder
32
Q

Values stored under keys and sub keys

A
  • some entries need to be a binary type
  • other key values need to be a string value to display a name, folder location
  • others need to store operating system variables
33
Q

The registry lacks a true Boolean type, a 32 bit numeric type is used in its value and a value of 1 or 0 can th;en be equated to and or not #

A
  • every key or sub key must contain at least one value, known as the default value
34
Q

Hives

- grouping of registry information

A
  • a hive is a group of keys, sub keys and values in the registry that has a set of supporting files containing back ups
35
Q

Registry hive file

A
  • format can add and remove keys, sub keys and values
36
Q

The registration file

A

Format can only add or change keys, sub keys and values

37
Q

System restore check pint for any of the following

A
  • you install a windows update or patch
  • you install an unassigned device driver
  • you install an application that uses an installed that is restore aware
  • you restore a prior configuration with system restore
  • you restore data from a backup set created with windows not backup program
  • you manually create a checkpoint using system restore
38
Q

Information systems

A
  • executive info
  • decision support
  • management info
  • transaction processing systems
39
Q

FCS (frame check sequence)

A
  • refers to the extra code added to a frame in a communications protocol
  • the detection does not imply recovery
  • just discards the frame
  • TCP can notice the data loss and initiate error recovery
40
Q

CSMA/CD

carrier sense multiple access with collision detection

A

Like using the phone live, only one person can make a phone call

CSMA/CD listens for anything on the wire and sends out a message over the wire. A collision is when two messages are sent out at the same time it creates a voltage spike

41
Q

ARP

Address resolution protocol

A

Used by the internet protocol

It maps IP network addresses to the hardware addresses used by the data link protocol

42
Q

MAC

Media access control address

A

The two ports of the MAC address is the oui and nics

(oui}) organizationally unique identifier

(nics) network interface controller specific

43
Q

ICANN

Internet corporation for assigned names and numbers

A
  • domain name system
  • internet protocol address allocation
  • the protocol parameter registry
  • root server systems
  • generic top level domain name systems management
  • country code top level domain name DNS
  • time zone database management
44
Q

Host file

A

The host file is used to. Map domain names to IP addresses and can be used as an alternative to DNS

45
Q

FQDN

Fully qualified domain name

A

Is a complete domain name for a computer or host on the internet

46
Q

Recursive dns queries

A

Recursive dns queries occur when a computer requests a DNS form the DNS servers and if it doesn’t know it goes tot he root hints server which is the iterative query

47
Q

MTU (maximum transmission unit)

ICMP (internet control message protocol)

A

All point to point connections have an MTU size of 28 bytes of this number is reserved for IP/ICMP over head, so the effective size here is 1472

Com -f -l 1472

-f marks the packets that should not be fragmented in the ping (-L 1472 sets the size of the packets

48
Q

Http v1.1

A

Introduced persistent connections, pipelining, and headers to the protocol

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