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Professional Development IV > IT and Medical Informatics > Flashcards

IT and Medical Informatics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of health IT?

A

Allows healthcare providers to collect, store, retrieve, and transfer information electronically

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2
Q

What are examples of passive health IT?

A

Information storage

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3
Q

What are examples of active health IT?

A

Patient reminders, prescribing alerts, etc

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4
Q

What are the 3 categories of health IT?

A
  • Administrative and financial
  • Clinical systems
  • Infrastructure
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5
Q

What falls under administrative and financial health IT?

A
  • Billing
  • Accounting
  • Administrative functions
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6
Q

What is the function of clinical systems in health IT?

A

Facilitate care process and provide input on patient care

Ex: EHR, provider orders, remote patient monitoring, e-prescribing, drug interaction checks, e-mail, patient portals

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7
Q

What is the function of infrastructure health IT?

A

Supports administrative and clinical systems

Examples: computers, servers, internet service, handheld devices, barcoding information

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8
Q

What is interoperability?

A

Extent to which systems and devices can exchange data and interpret shared data

Must be able to exchange data and present data from another system in a comprehensible format

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9
Q

What are the 3 levels of health IT interoperability?

A
  • Foundational
  • Structural
  • Semantic
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10
Q

What is the definition of foundational IT interoperability?

A

Allows data exchange from one system to be received by another but does not require interpretation of data

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11
Q

What is the definition of structural interoperability?

A
  • Intermediate, data can be exchanged. Clinical or operational purpose and meaning of the data is preserved
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12
Q

What is the definition of semantic interoperability?

A

Ability to exchange data, interpret it, and use the information that has been exchanged

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13
Q

What are benefits of IT in a health care system?

A
  • Healthcare information storage, integration between facilities/departments, streamlined updates of information, improved privacy and security, and easy of access to patient information
  • Integration of fragmented care delivery
  • Reduction of health care errors and procedure duplication
  • Clinical decision support
  • Ready access to patient education
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14
Q

What are barriers to IT in healthcare?

A
  • Cost
  • Complexity
  • Question of financial return/benefit
  • No current streamlining between facilities
  • Reduce quantity of patients seen due to increased time to use IT
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15
Q

What is an EHR?

A
  • Digital compilation of all material found in a traditional patient chart

EX: patient demographics, contact information, communication (patient, family, healthcare team), patient encounters (procedures, hospital records, procedure documentation), diagnostic testing (pathology, imaging, labs), advanced directives (MPOA and living will)

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16
Q

What are the 3 EHR templates?

A
  • Templates: pre-structured portions of software for common or basic data
  • Structured: give framework for data entry
  • Unstructured: free-form data entry
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17
Q

What is an electronic medical record?

A

FOR CLINICIANS
* Digital version of paper chart in clinicians office
* Info collected by and for clinicians in facility (used for dx, tx, preventative care, may not have all records from all providers)
* Clinical-related functions
* Confidential notes/reminders

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18
Q

What is a patient health record?

A

FOR PATIENTS
* Generally same info as EMR (medical history, diagnostic results, visit notes and/or summaries, provider contact information)
* Managed by patients and may be presented as patient portal
* Can include data from clinicians, home monitoring devices, and patients themselves

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19
Q

What is an electronic health record?

A

All components of EMR and overall health information for a given patient
* Broader view of a patient’s care
* Info from ALL clinicans involved in care
* All authorized clinicians can access as well as other health care providers
* Meant to follow patients practice to practice

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20
Q

What is computerized provider order entry (CPOE)?

A
  • Replaces facility paper-based ordering systems
  • Electronically write orders, review changes to orders and safety alerts, error checking for duplicate or incorrect tests, reduces handwriting or transcription errors
  • Includes electronic medication administration record: tracks name, dose, route, and time of meds
  • Clinical decision support to help providers follow protocol or less expensive alternatives
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21
Q

Why was CPOE created?

A
  • In response to rates of hospital errors in medication administration and procedures
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22
Q

What are cons of CPOE?

A
  • Has not shown as dramatic improvement in actual patient care as expected and increased time overall to enter orders
  • Potential to increase efficiency and patient safety, but requires time and effort to customize and train
  • Does not catch all errors and unsafe orders
  • Requires change in mindset by providers and staff
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23
Q

What is the purpose of clinical decision support system?

A
  • Provides knowledge-specific and person-specific information to enhance clinical decision making and provision of healthcare
24
Q

What tools could a clinical decision support system include?

A
  • Computerized alerts and reminders
  • Condition-specific information: clinical guidelines and order sets
  • Focused patient data reports and summaries
  • Documentation templates
  • Diagnostic support: reference information and differential diagnoses
25
Q

How can clinical decision support system be customized?

A
  • Based on health care setting and individual patient conditions and demographics
  • Choose high-priority conditions in practice
  • Identify gap in care processes relative to guidelines
  • Look for ways to use CDSS to flow naturally with guidelines and clinical pace
26
Q

What are picture archiving/communication systems (PACs)?

A

Radiologic film with digital image storage and transmission

27
Q

What are advantages of PACs?

A
  • Improved organization (limits loss/misfiling/theft of images, ensures correct sorting of images, images easily searchable)
  • Improved accessibility (images always available and multilocation viewing)
  • Improved viewing (can compare old and new studies and manipulate images)
28
Q

What are disadvantages of PACs?

A
  • Significant cost for implementation and maintenance: conversion of old images, training and understanding use
  • PACs system-wide failure could be very detrimental or even catastrophic to provision of care
  • Files can still become corrupted or lost
  • Training and understanding use
29
Q

What is bar coding?

A

Electronic scannable code for patients, medications, lab specimens, and devices verifies and reinforces identification prior to clinical intervention

30
Q

Why is bar coding helpful?

A

Aims to reduce medical errors and helps track the materials actually used by a patient for more accurate billing purposes

31
Q

What is the caveat of bar coding?

A

Does not stop healthcare workers form ordering incorrect interventions, performing incorrect tests, or administering incorrect treatments

32
Q

What is radiofrequency identification?

A

Tags attached to people or objects: can be active (battery powered) or passive (reader is battery powered)

33
Q
A
34
Q

What is the basic application of RFID?

A
  • Track patients for anti-elopement and anti-abduction programs, also out-of bed detection and fall detection

often used for infants

35
Q

What are additional uses for RFID?

A
  • Inventory control
  • Equipment tracking
  • Personnel tracking
  • Ensuring correct medications and medical devices
  • Preventing counterfeit drugs or devices
  • Providing data for EMR systems
36
Q

What are concerns for RFID?

A

Potential for interference with pacemakers, ICDs

37
Q

What is a automated medication dispensing machine?

A

Contains variety of medication doses that are electronically dispensed

38
Q

What are advantages of automated medication dispensing machine?

A
  • Increased security: allows access to just on medication at a time and more identification of drug diversion
  • Increased patient safety: reduces errors of incorrect meds, more accurate tracking of medication dispensing, reduces double dosing
  • Increased access to meds: enhances first dose availability, improves timely administration
39
Q

What are disadvantages of automated medication dispensing machine?

A
  • Errors still possible: ie filled incorrectly by pharmacy or nurse incorrectly dispense med
  • Question whether reduction in errors due automated medication dispensing machine or CPOE, EHR, barcoding
  • Cost of implementation, maintenance, and training
40
Q

What is electronic materials management?

A
  • Electronic monitoring and management of materials used in healthcare setting
  • Includes monitoring how much of each material is used and when it is used most
  • More efficient ordering and distribution and promotes stock rotation
41
Q

What does electronic materials management minimize?

A
  • False charges
  • Waste of material
  • Delays in care due to lack of material
  • Incorrect ordering
42
Q

What are benefits of handheld technology?

A
  • Mobility between patients, wards, clinic, office and ability to access data, resources, and people
  • Can assist with clinical info
  • Up to date guidelines
  • Direct input and viewing of data at point of care
  • Medication information and drug interactions
  • AI automation of tasks
43
Q

What devices are considered handheld technology?

A
  • Smart phones, tablets, PDAs
  • Wireless connectivity
  • Support apps with structure/data content
44
Q

What are office productivity softwares?

A
  • Word processors (ie letter templates, lab order templates, patient logs)
  • Spreadsheets (ie scheduling, tracking patient data, patient logs)
  • Web-based products (ie secure intra-office communication, formal communication for outside parties)
  • Presentations (ie patient and public helath education, provider and staff inservices)
  • Cloud based computing: sharing information among parties and facilities, up-todate systems HIPAA compliant when used properly
45
Q

What is telemedicine?

A

Use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve a patient’s clinical health status

Includes use of telephones, fax machines, e-mail, remote patient monitoring devices

46
Q

What are sites in telemedicine?

A
  • Distant/Hub site: where provider is located
  • Ongoing/spoke site: location of patient
  • Asynchronous: data recorded and stored, then sent to another site for consultation
47
Q

What are common types of telemedicine?

A
  • Primary care/specialist referral
  • Remote patient monitoring
  • Consumer information
  • Medical education
48
Q

How is telemedicine used in primary care/specialist referral?

A

Primary care or allied health professional consults with specialist to help make and manage a diagnosis
Vitals, images, vital signs

49
Q

How is telemedicine used in remote patient monitoring?

A
  • Devices remotely collect and send data to facility for monitoring and observation
  • Includes vital signs, heart EKG, glucose, PT/INR
  • Can supplement home health
50
Q

How is telemedicine used in consumer information?

A
  • Internet and wireless devices to obtain specialized health information
  • Online discussion groups for support
51
Q

How is telemedicine used in medical education?

A
  • CME in health professional
  • Special educational seminars
52
Q

What is teleradiology?

A
  • Radiologic images sent from one location to another
  • Radiologist in remote location reads imaging report and sends interpretation to site
  • Beneficial when interpretation not available 24/7 (increase in imaging studies is greater than increase in radiologists, for reimbursement reasons must use teleradiologist on US soil)
53
Q

What is telepharmacy?

A
  • Pharmaceutical care provided to patients who may not be able to directly contact a pharmacist
  • Drug therapy monitoring, patients counseling, prior authorization and refill authorization, monitoring of formulary compliance
  • Can also be used to remotely supervise pharmacy staff
54
Q

What are benefits of telemedicine?

A
  • Improved access to providers
  • Cost efficiencies- better management of chronic disease, shared staffing, reduced travel times
  • Equal or improved quality
  • Patient demand- patients like ease and convenience
55
Q

What are risks of telemedicine?

A
  • Increased risk of error
  • Decreased human interaction
  • Increased risk of health information exposure

Professional Development IV (4 decks)

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