Isthithna Flashcards
Who wrote the chapter on استثناء at the end of نحو مير?
Shaykh Ilahi Bakhsh Fayzabadi
Which حروف مستثناء are used in the same meaning of exclusion as إِلَّا?
عَدَا
غَيْر
سِوَاء
حَاشَا
What is متصل in regard to استثناء? Give an example.
The مستثنى is taken out from the مستثنى منه.
It is a part of it.
جَائَنِى الْقَوْمُ اِلَّا زَيْدًا
What is منقطع in regard to استثناء? Give an example.
The مستثنى is not a part of the مستثنى منه.
جَائَنِى الْقَوْم اِلَّا حِمَارًا
What is كلام مُوْجَب? What is the إعراب of the مستثنى for كلام موجب?
No نفي، نهي، استفهام.
منصوب
What is كلام غير موجب?
نفى
نهى
استفهام
What is the إعراب of the مستثنى when there is a كلام غير موجب and the مستثنى منه is mentioned? Give an example.
منصوب
مَا جَائَنِى زَيْدًا اِلَّا اَحَدًا
What can the إعراب also be for خلا and عَدَا? And why?
مجرور
Because they are حروف جار as well.
What is the اعراب of كلام غير موجب مستثنى مفرغ?
- Mansoob
- Badal (same as musthathna minhu)
What is مُفَرَّغ and غَير مُفَرَّغ?
The مستثنى منه is not present = مفرغ
The مستثنى منه is not present = غير مفرغ
What is the اعراب of غير? How is it different to اِلَّا? Mention using an example and mention the تركيب.
By default غير is صفة as in in تركيب it occurs as صفة.
For example:
جَائَنِى زَيْدٌ غَيْرُ عَمْرٍ
زيد = موصوف
غير = مضاف
عمر = مضاف اليه
مضاف + مضاف اليه = صفة
Sometimes it is used for استثناء.
Note: غير in the meaning of صفة is in the meaning of اِلَّا.
As for اِلَّا by default it is for استفهام. This is its primary use i.e. how it is used mostly.
Sometimes it is used for صفة which then it will be in the meaning of غير.
Give an example of اِلَّا صِفْتِي from the Quran? What does it mean?
لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِمَآ ءَالِهَةٌ إِلَّا ٱللَّهُ لَفَسَدَتَا ۚ
Had there been within the heavens and the earth gods besides Allah, they both would have been ruined [21:22]
The اِلَّا in this ayah is in the meaning of غير.
Explain the اِلَّا in كلمة التوحيد and mention which it is. Additionally, use it to explain why it is important to understand which اِلَّا has been used.
لَا اِلٓهَ اِلَّا الله
The اِلَّا is default for استثناء.
The مستثنى and مستثنى منه are opposites - إيجاب and صلب.
It is كلمة التَّوحيد so:
1. One God is established - إيجاب
2. Other Gods are denied - صلب
If it was in the meaning of غير then we would have only had one part of توحيد so only half. Therefore, اِلَّا here is استثناء and not اِلَّا in the meaning of غير.
