Issues in the Aquatic Ecosystem

Question 1

Environmental Issues concerning the squeezing of the ocean and seas:

Answer 1

○ overfishing
○ warming of the ocean
○ lower oxygen gas
○ ocean acidification (increased carbon dioxide levels).
○ smaller size, growth, size at maturity, fewer eggs, less fecundity, lower production, less catch.

Question 2

Environmental Issues concerning conflicting needs:

Answer 2

○ competition over material goods, economic benefits, property or power.
○ needs cannot be met and should be met first.
○ perceive that their values, needs, or interests are under threat both by the government and other sectors.

Question 3

Environmental Issues contesting access to resources:

Answer 3

○ scarcity of natural resources.
○ supply is shared by two or more groups.
○ relative power of groups.
○ degree of dependence on resources or the ease of access to alternative resources.

Question 4

Core problems in the Enviromental issues in the aquatic ecosystem:

Answer 4

○ loss of marine biodiversity.
○ declining fish stocks.
○ loss of revenues and benefits
○ inequitable distribution of benefits.
○ population growth.
○ inconsistent policies and programs for sustainable fisheries.
○ weak institutional and stakeholder capacity to plant and implement fisheries management.
○ lack of a constituency for sustainable fisheries.

Question 5

These are main uncertainties affecting sustainability of fisheries resources:

Answer 5

○ IUU fishing.
○ overcapacity of fishing fleets.
○ movement and transfer of fishing fleets to new areas.
○ increasing high-quality standards from consumers.
○ influence of feed prices on future prices.
○ introduction of more rigorous regulations on the environment, food safety, traceability, and
animal welfare.

Question 6

These refers to the ongoing gender bias in coastal communities:

Answer 6

○ economic marginalization
○ political subordination
○ gender stereotyping
○ multiple burden

Question 7

These refers to the gender situation in fishing communities:

Answer 7

○ involvement of women in pre- and post-fishing activities.
○ multiple burden for women, such as productive and reproductive roles.
○ perception of low opportunity costs.
○ lack of decision-making participation for women.
○ occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases or lack of health and reproductive education.
○ domestic violence or abuse.
○ lip service of males to gender issues.
○ lack of accurate, comprehensive, and relevant sex-disaggregated statistics.