Issues In Mental Health Flashcards
Name the four historical views
-supernatural
-humorism
-psychoanalysis
-somatogenic hypothesis
Describe the supernatural view
Mental health conditions were due to devils that needed to be released from the body
What was a treatment for the supernatural view
Trepanning- drilling a hole into the skull to allow the demons to escape
Describe the humorism view
Mental issues were a result of unbalanced bodily fluids (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile) in a person since mental is a response to physical
What is a treatment for the humorism view
Bloodletting- cutting veins causing blood to leave body to restore the balance
Describe the psychoanalysis view
Mental illness is caused by psychological factors within unconscious mind so would require help to access the issue
What is a treatment for the psychoanalysis view
Psychoanalysis- talking therapy to connect with the unconscious mind
Describe the somatogenic view
Mental illness was due to brain disruption, neurotransmitter levels focus
What is a treatment in the somatogenic view
Electronvulsive therapy- electron current in the brain
Define abnormality
-deviation from social norms by not abiding by social behaviours
-failure to function adequately as not holding a job, relationship, money, interact effectively
Evaluate the definitions of abnormal
-deviation-
can lead to political control to section people
legal systems introduce new laws preventing deviation
era dependant since dif gen have dif views
ethnocentrism as dif cultures will have dif view
-failure to dunction-
may represent normal behviour if disabled ect
ethnocentric as may look dif in dif cultures
What two manuals are used to categorise mental health issues
DSM- united states
ICD- united kingdom
What is the issue of the two main diagnostic manuals
lack of scientific objectivity
ethnocentric
Evaluate the validity of diagnosing mental disorders
-language barriers can led to misdiagnosis
-stigma on mental health can lead to no diagnosis
-cultural relativism/ ethnocentrisims as dif cultures diagnose dif
-gender biases as open to interpretation to diagnose same symptons in male or female
Evaluate the reliability of diagnosing mental disorders
Consistency if it can produce similar results when used again
inter-rater reliability between two psychologists
test-retest seeing does the same person consistently receive the same diagnosis over time
State aim, research method and participants of Rosenhans study
test hyp that psychiatrists cannot reliably tell the difference between sane and insane
Field study in naturalistic env using participant observation
12 psychiatric hospitals across 5 states in america
sending 8 pseudo patients
Explain procedure 1 and 2 of Rosenhans study
pt1- pseudo patients admit themselves to hospital giving false name and job with same symptoms of hearing voices saying “thud, hallow, empty” linking to existential symptoms, all other life experiences kept same. patients had to leave hospital on their own means. when admitted they drop all acts of insanity, saying no longer had the symptoms. wrote notes of their observation
pt2- hospital though pseudo patients were coming so rated each patient as if they were sane or insane
What shows the reliability and validity of diagnostic testing in rosenhans study
all symptoms given by pseudo patients were not at all mentioned in the DSM, so the disorders given as schizophrenia and bipolar had not one clear symptom indicating they had it, showing diagnosing is not valid since DSM does not accurately measure what its set out since misdiagnosed
7 patients were given schizophrenia and 1 given bipolar diagnosis, shows unreliability since all has same symptoms but the diagnosis not the same so not consistent diagnosis, showing how diagnosing is subjective and open to interpretation
What was the average amount of days pseudo patients stayed in the hospitals
19 day on everage
Explain the effect of being diagnosed linking to mental health after leaving the hospital
the stickiness of labels shown as even once able to leave they are labeled as schizophrenic in remission
Explain how others saw the sanity
other insane patients recognised the pseudo patients as sane and yet the staff trained did not recognise it, shows the low level of recognition of their patients
Explain events showing the stickiness of labels within the hospital
pseudo patients normal behaviour was seen as aspects of their illness
pacing due to bordem= nervous behaviour
having a notebook= engaging in writing behaviour
waiting for lunch= oral acquisitive syndrome
Explain how Rosenhan compares the groups results
To see if the response to a simple question is affected by the percieved characteristics of the person asking.
university- all requests were acknowledged + responded
hospital- ignored + felt invisible, rarely stopped leading to depersonalisation
What did the pseudo patients notice about staff behvaiour
10% of time was spent with patient 90% stayed in ward office
medical staff pent under 7 minutes a day
cleaners would be physically aggressive and swear in full view of patients
no doors on bathrooms
other patients medication flushed down toilet
Give quantitative data from Rosenhans study
num of patients suspected wrongly by one psychiatrist and one other staff member- 19 people
Give a conclusion for Rosenhans study
Psychiatrist are unable to reliably identify sane pseudo patients
Psychiatrist fail to reliably detect insanity
within insane environment all behaviour is perceived as a distorted manner, giving stickiness of label
