Developmental Approach- Bandura and Chaney et al Flashcards
describe the aim of Banduras research
to demonstrate that learning occurs through observation of a model and imitation of learned behaviour can occur in absence of the model too
what were the four hypothesis of Banduras research
1) children shown aggressive models will show significantly more imitative aggressive acts than those in non aggressive model/ no model
2) children shown non aggressive models will show significantly less aggressive behaviour than those in non aggressive/ no model
3) boys will show significantly more imitative aggressions that girls
4)children will imitate same sex models behaviour more than opposite gender behaviour
what research method is used in Banduras study?
Laboratory experiments, directly manipulating the IV within an artificial environment
What design was used in Banduras study?
matched pairs design using observation to collect the data on aggressive behaviour
What are the IV/DV of Banduras study?
iv- sex of child, sex of model, behaviour of the model
dv- level of aggressive behaviour of children when in room 3
What is the sampling method and sample of Banduras study?
opportunity sampling due to using the children readily available in nursery (question to consent)
72 (36 boys and girls) children average age 4.3 years, in stanford university nursery,
Explain the matching procedure of behaviour
As a control children we measured for levels of aggressive behaviour, by nursery teacher and one female experimenter observing. rating each child on a 5 point scale, displayed physical aggression, verbal aggression, aggression to inanimate objects and aggression inhibition.
based on these rating children were paired as triplets, in each one would be in the aggressive model, non aggressive and no model, three in triplets would all either have high aggression, medium or low
high inter-rater reliability because both teachers agreed on ratings 89%
Explain the standardised procedure of aggressive model condition 1 in Banduras study
Aggressive model had set behaviour to portray
Physically- lay doll on side, punch in nose, punch with mallet, throw in air
Verbally- Pow, Kick him, Hit him down, He sure is a tough fella
set routine repeated three times for each child
Explain the standardised procedure of stage 2 in banduras study
the Arousal experience occurred for all 72 children
they are taken to an attractive room filled with desirable toys. after 2 minutes of playing with them, experimenter took toys away saying toys are reserved for other children
this indulges a feeling of anger and distress in all children equally
Explain the procedure of the observation room
toys were set in a fixed order with both aggressive and non aggressive toys, child was allowed to play for 20 minutes and observed through a one way mirror by male model and one other observer in 5 second intervals, observers were not aware which condition the children were in, female experimenter stayed in the room with the child doing paperwork
What are the qualitative results of Banduras study
-Children in the aggressive model showed more imitation of physical and verbal aggressive behaviour than children in non aggressive or control conditions
-overall boys produced more imitative physical aggression than girls
-male model behaviour was more influential over both boys and girls than the female model
-children felt that that the female aggressive model was not appropriate “thats not a way for a lady to behave” but the male model “ that man is a strong fighter”
What are the conclusions of banduras study
aggression is learnt through observing role models
children imitate models even when model is not present
behaviour modelled by a male has greater influence on children due to gender socialisation
Evaluate the fact bandura used a lab experiment
high levels of control over extraneous variables so cause and effect can be established
standardised procedure allows rebliciablity of study so can test for reliability
low ecological validity due to artificial env ect so ungeneralisable
high risk of demand characteristics so lacks internal validity
What type of study was bandura: snapshot or longitudinal, evaluate it
it is snapshot since:
only takes one measure of behaviour, doesn’t track the development of behaviour, compares different groups
due to this it has high controls since conducted over a short period
but it doesn’t show how this effects behaviour after the study since not measured
Evaluate the ethics of Banduras study
Protection of participants- children may have been stressed by witnessing aggression
right to withdraw- children may not have realised they could leave the experiment
informed consent- lack of
deception- children not aware of the purpose of the study
