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Boards Study Set > Issues in Men's Health/Gynecologic Concerns > Flashcards

Issues in Men's Health/Gynecologic Concerns Flashcards

1
Q

Enlargement, often benign of the male breasts that usually resolves naturally:

A

Gynecomastia

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1
Q

What medication can cause gynecomastia?

A

spironolactone (Aldactone)

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2
Q

A collection of dilated veins around the spermatic cord is?

A

Variocele
“Bag of worms feel on physical exam”

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2
Q

Management for variocele includes:

A

NSAIDs
Surgical ligation, venous embolization

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3
Q

Acute inflammation or infection of the scrotum, secondary to an inflamed epididymis:

A

Epididymitis

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4
Q

A positive Prhen’s sign is indicative of?

A

Epididymitis

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5
Q

Treatment for epididymitis caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea in a heterosexual man?

A

Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM in a single dose
Plus
Doxycycline 100 mg BID x 10 days

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5
Q

Lifting the scrotum and there is relief of pain indicating epididymitis not testicular torsion is what sign?

A

Prhen’s sign

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6
Q

Treatment for epididymitis caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea in men who have anal sex?

A

Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM in a single dose
Plus
Levofloxacin 500 mg IM q-day x 10 days

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7
Q

Inflammatory infection of the prostate

A

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis

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8
Q

What Gram-negative bacteria is the usual cause prostatitis?

A

E. Coli

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9
Q

Non-bacteria prostatitis likely causes include (3)?

A

Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Gardnerella

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10
Q

What is seen on a physical exam/palpation of the prostate in prostatitis?

A

Edematous prostate which may be warm, TENDER/BOGGY, pain

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11
Q

Diagnostic tests for prostatitis

A

Urinalysis
Urine culture: Positive for causative agent

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12
Q

Would you have a normal or abnormal cremasteric reflex in epididymitis?

A

Normal

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13
Q

Diagnostic tests for epididymitis

A

STI testing
Culture of urine
Scrotal ultrasound to rule out testicular torsion

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14
Q

Treatment for Acute Bacterial Prostatitis (4)?

A

ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 250 mg IM X1 OR
cefixime (Suprax) 400 mg x1 OR
Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID x 10-14 days OR
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) 500-750 mg q-day x 10-14 days

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15
Q

Progressive, benign hyperplasia of prostate:

A

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

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16
Q

What Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level would indicate BPH or possibly Prostate cancer

A

> 4 ng/ml

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of bladder obstruction in men?

A

BPH

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18
Q

Benign neoplasm of prostate gland:

A

Prostate cancer

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19
Q

What is the second most common cancer among men in the United States?

A

Prostate cancer

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20
Q

Palpation of the prostate is harder than normal with obscure boundaries, and nodules may be present in?

A

Prostate cancer

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21
Q

Breast buds with areola enlargement is Tanner stage?

A

2

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22
Q

Breast enlargement without separate nipple contour is Tanner stage?

A

3

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23
Q

Areola and nipple project as secondary mound in Tanner stage?

A

4

24
Q

The absence of menstrual flow?

A

Amenorrhea

25
Q

Absence of menarche by age 16 is?

A

Primary Amenorrhea
“Refer to Endocrinologist”

26
Q

Cessation of menstrual flow after the establishment of normal menstrual cycling is?

A

Secondary Amenorrhea
“Always get a pregnancy test (HCG)”

27
Q

Detects the presence of abnormal and/or precancerous cells on the cervix of the uterus?

A

Papanicolaou Test (PAP)

28
Q

At what age should the initial cervical cancer screening with cytology alone be done?

A

21 years old

29
Q

For patients 21-29 and 30-65 years old how often should cancer screening with cytology alone be done?

A

Every 3 years

30
Q

For patients 30-65 years old how often should high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing done alone or in combination with cytology (cotesting)?

A

Every 5 years

31
Q

At what age would you cease cervical cancer screenings in patients who have had adequate prior screening and low risk for cervical cancer?

A

> 65 years old

32
Q

What is the leading cause of cancer related death in men and women?

A

Lung cancer

33
Q

What is the leading GYN-associated cancer, cause of death in women?

A

Ovarian

34
Q

What kind of cancer has the highest incidence other than skin cancer in women?

A

Breast

35
Q

Inflammation or infection of the vulva and vagina most commonly caused by bacteria, protozoa, and/or fungi?

A

Vulvovaginitis

36
Q

What are 3 common causes of vulvovaginitis?

A

Trichomoniasis
Bacterial Vaginosis
Candidiasis

37
Q

Only this is often asymptomatic in men and is considered to be sexually transmitted:

A

Trichomoniasis

38
Q

Malodorous, frothy, yellowish-green discharge, pruritis, vaginal erythema, “strawberry patches” on cervix and vagina, dyspareunia, and dysuria seen in?

A

Trichomoniasis

39
Q

Watery, gray, “fishy” smelling discharge, vaginal spotting seen in?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

40
Q

Thick, white, curd-like discharge; vulvovaginal erythema with pruritis seen in?

A

Candidiasis

41
Q

Microscopic wet-prep with normal saline shows motile trichomonads in?

A

Trichomoniasis

42
Q

Microscopic wet-prep with normal saline shows clue cells; KOH added positive whiff test (fishy smell) in?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

43
Q

Microscopic wet-prep with KOH shows pseudohyphae in?

A

Candidiasis

44
Q

Treatment for Trichomoniasis in women:

A

Metronidazole 500 mg BID x 7 days

45
Q

Treatment for Trichomoniasis in men:

A

Metronidazole 2 grams in a single dose

46
Q

Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis

A

Metronidazole 500 mg BID x 7 days OR
Metronidazole gel 0.75% 5 grams intravaginally q-day x 5 days OR
Clindamycin cream 2% 5 grams intravaginally at bedtime x y days

47
Q

Treatment for Candidiasis

A

OTC intravaginal agents:
Clotrimazole, Miconazole, or tioconazole intravaginally
Oral agent:
Fluconazole (contraindicated in pregnancy)

48
Q

General term for inflammation and infection involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding tissues

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

49
Q

Most prevalent polymicrobial causative agents for PID?

A

C. trachomatis
N. gonorrhoeae
E. coli
G. vaginalis
H. influenzae
Streptococcus agalactiae

50
Q

Diagnostic tests for PID (2)?

A

STI testing
Ultrasound documentation of ovarian cyst

50
Q

What physical exam finding is found in PID?

A

Positive cervical motion tenderness (CMT)

51
Q

Treatment for PID

A

Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM single dose
Plus
Doxycycline 100 mg orally BID x 14 days
WITH
Metronidazole 500mg orally BID for 14 days

52
Q

Cramping pain occurring with menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

53
Q

Occurs in adolescent women as a result of high levels of prostaglandin

A

Primary Dysmenorrhea

54
Q

Occurs in women greater than age 20; more likely associated with some form of pelvic disease

A

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

55
Q

Pelvic pain plus GI Issues think?

A

Endometriosis

56
Q

Management for primary dysmenorrhea

A

Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (PGSIs)
-Ibuprofen
-Naproxen
-Indomethacin
Oral Contraceptives

57
Q

Abnormal bleeding is usually a result of?

A

An endocrine dysfunction

58
Q

What is the initial approach to abnormal vaginal bleeding?

A

Evaluate for pregnancy
Evaluate the cervix, vagina, urethra, and annus for non-uterine bleeding

59
Q
A

Boards Study Set (4 decks)

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