Issues And Debates: Gender and Culture

Question 1

Universality

Answer 1

Any underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all despite differences of experience and upbringing.
Gender and Culture bias challenge the universality of findings in psychology

Question 2

Outline Gender Bias:

Answer 2

• Alpha Bias
• Beta Bias
• Androcentrism

Question 3

Outline Gender Bias:

- Alpha Bias

Answer 3

Exaggerate and over estimates the differences between sexes

Usually devalues women

Question 4

Outline Gender Bias:

- Beta Bias

Answer 4

Ignores, minimises the differences between men and women

Usually when women aren’t used in sample but results are still applied

Question 5

Outline Gender Bias:

- Androcentrism

Answer 5

Consequence of beta bias
Normal behaviour based from a male standard
Women’s behaviour may be misunderstood for abnormal behaviour

Question 6

Evaluate Gender Bias:

Answer 6

• Negative implications
• Sexism within research
• Essentialism
• Reflexivity
• Feminist Psychology

Question 7

Define Gender Bias

Answer 7

Research that does not justifiably represent the experience and behaviour of men or women

Question 8

Define Culture Bias

Answer 8

Refers to tendency to ignore cultural differences and view all phenomena through the lens of ones own culture

Question 9

Define Ethnocentrism

Answer 9

Judging others cultures by the standards and values of ones own culture.
In its extreme, viewing ones own culture as superior, which may lead to prejudice against other cultures

Question 10

Define Cultural Relativism

Answer 10

The idea that norms and values as well as ethics and moral standards can only be meaningful and understood within specific cultural contexts.