Issues And Debates Flashcards
Definition of universality
To develop theories that apply to all people
Definition of bias
Distortion in representation of group/data etc
Definition of gender bias
A distorted view of behaviours that may be typical and atypical for men and/ or women
Definition of alpha bias
Research that exaggerates differences between men and women
Definition of beta bias
Ignores, minimises or underestimates differences between men and women
Definition of androcentrism
Centred on men, often to the neglect or exclusion of women
Definition of cultural bias
The tendency to judge all people in terms of your own cultural assumptions. This distorts or biases your judgement.
Definition of ethnocentrism
Judging others by the value and standards of ones own culture
Definition of cultural relativism
Behaviour cannot be properly judged unless it is viewed in the context of the culture in which it originates
Definition of free will
People have the power to make choices about their own behaviour . People are free to choose and control their behaviour
Definition of determinism
Behaviour is controlled by either internal or external forces acting upon the individual
Definition of hard determinism
All human behaviour has a cause and in principle it should be possible to identify and describe these causes
Definition of soft determinism
Whilst acknowledging that all human action has a cause, soft determinists also suggest some room for manoeuvre somewhere in that people have conscious mental control over the way they behave
Definition of biological determinism
Behaviour is determined by physiological factors out side of our control. E.g. Genes, neurotransmitters, brain structure
Definition of environmental determinism
Behaviour is determined by environmental factors (the consequences) outside of our control e.g reinforcements and punishments for behaviour
