issues and debates Flashcards
what is gender bias?
differential treatment or representation of men and women based off stereotypes rather than real difference
what is alpha bias?
exaggeration of differences between genders
what is androcentrism?
‘male’ standard, often to the neglect and exclusion of women the behaviour of men is considered the standard against which women’s behaviour is compared
what is beta bias?
a tendency to ignore or minimise differences between men and women
what is Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model to consider a child’s development?
- the microsystem
- the mesosystem
- the exosystem
- the macrosystem
what is the microsystem?
the immediate context in which the child is involved
what is the mesosystem?
the variety of environments that a child encounters
what is the exosystem?
contexts which affect the child even though they do not go there, because they interact with the child’s microsystem
what is the macrosystem?
the culture in which the child grows up in
what is universality?
assumption that research findings can be generalised globally
what is ethnocentrism?
the assumption that one ethnic group is superior to another or all others and that the behaviour in that group is the norm
what is cultural relativism?
the belief that it is essential to consider the cultural context when examining behaviour in that culture
what is free will?
the ability to behave in the way that we want
what is hard determinism?
the view that human behaviour is determined by external forces and all our actions are out of our control
what is biological determinism?
belief that behaviour is caused by biological factors that we cannot control
what is environmental determinism?
the idea that our behaviour is determined by environmental influences
what is soft determinism?
the idea that behaviour is determined by humans have the ability to exercise free will if need be.
what is psychic determinism?
the role of the unconscious on conscious thoughts influencing behaviour.
what is emic research?
Researching a culture from within to understand that culture specifically (and not applying the findings to other cultures).
what is etic research?
Conducting research from an outside perspective to discover universal truths about human psychology (i.e. applying the findings to all people in all cultures).
what is nativism?
the nature side of the nature-nurture debate
what is empiricism?
the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate
