Issue Evaluation -- Energy

Question 1

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing energy consumption in the UK (1990-2021). Describe the trend for service energy consumption between 1990 and 2021.

Answer 1

The overall trend is that services remain at around 20 million tonnes and didn’t change.

Question 2

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing energy consumption in the UK (1990-2021). Describe the trend for Transport energy consumption between 1990 and 2021.

Answer 2

Transport steadily rose and stayed around 60 million tonnes and stayed around this level mostly, until a short decline in 2020.

Question 3

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing energy consumption in the UK (1990-2021). Describe the trend for Industry energy consumption between 1990 and 2021.

Answer 3

Industry slowly increased between 1990 and 2008. But then it began to gradually decline. In 2020 there was a sharp decline but this DID NOT impact the energy used.

Question 4

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing energy consumption in the UK (1990-2021). Describe the trend for Domestic energy consumption between 1990 and 2021.

Answer 4

Domestic energy fluctuated but remained high for most of the period but would slowly dip after 2005.

Question 5

What caused the sharp decline in the year 2020 in Figure 1?

Answer 5

Covid-19

Question 6

Why did the Transport energy use in Figure 1 decrease?

Answer 6

Due to lockdown and travel restrictions

Question 7

Which energy sector consumed the most energy in 2010?

Answer 7

Transport

Question 8

Define Energy Security?

Answer 8

Having uninterrupted and affordable energy supply which is able to sustain people’s lives and daily activities

Question 9

Give the definition of Accessibility?

Answer 9

The ease of obtaining energy supplies, based on location, infrastructure and availability

Question 10

Give an example of Accessibility?

Answer 10

Importing natural gas by pipelines

Question 11

Give the definition of Affordability?

Answer 11

The cost of energy for consumers and businesses, influenced by supply, demand and government policies

Question 12

Give an example of Affordability?

Answer 12

Government subsidies, lowering electricity bills

Question 13

Give the definition of Availability?

Answer 13

The presence of sufficient energy resources to meet the demand, considering production and imports

Question 14

Give an example of Availability?

Answer 14

Wind and Solar farms provide electricity

Question 15

Give the definition of Acceptability?

Answer 15

The environmental and social impacts of energy production and use.

Question 16

Give an example of Acceptability?

Answer 16

Public concerns about nuclear waste and disposal

Question 17

Give 2 ways in which the physical environment will impact the UKs energy security.

Answer 17

1. Climate affects the renewables: good wind for wind farms. Can be poor sunlight for solar.
2. Geology lacks ability for UK to produce Hydroelectric as lack of mountains

Question 18

Give 2 ways in which Costs will impact the UKs energy security.

Answer 18

1. Fossil Fuels become more expensive to extract as reserves run low.
2. UK imports its energy and global price changes means it can become expensive

Question 19

Give 2 ways in which the Technology will impact the UKs energy security.

Answer 19

1. Advances in renewables improves energy security by making it more reliable.
2. Carbon Capture + Storage allows for lower emissions.

Question 20

Give 2 ways in which the Political Factors will impact the UKs energy security.

Answer 20

1. UK imports energy from countries like Norway so if tensions increase then this threatens security.
2. International agreement will influence UK energy policies, eg: Net Zero

Question 21

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing energy which is imported or exported in the UK (1970-2020). Describe the balance between import and export of energy between 1970 and 1980.

Answer 21

Energy imports were very high in the 1970s rising to around 53%, however towards the end of the decade there was a rapid decrease due to domestic production

Question 22

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing energy which is imported or exported in the UK (1970-2020). Describe the balance between import and export of energy between 1980 and 2003.

Answer 22

The UK began to export so much more energy (15-20%) due to the North Sea Oil production, there was a slight spike into more imports however, in this period there was more exports occurring.

Question 23

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing energy which is imported or exported in the UK (1970-2020). Describe the balance between import and export of energy between 2003 and 2020

Answer 23

Imports began to increase again due to the North sea production declining quickly. The imports would rise to a high of 47% but then drop slowly as the UK reinvested in energy

Question 24

Why did the UK become more dependant on Imported energy?

Answer 24

Due to North Sea oil production decreasing

Question 25

Give 3 Advs of energy imports?

Answer 25

Better trade relations Cost effective Better access to energy sources

Question 26

Give 3 Disadvs of energy imports?

Answer 26

Cost Fluctuations Trade Imbalance Impacts Local Industries

Question 27

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing electricity capacity in the UK (2004 - 2022). Describe how the graph presents the total electricity capacity between 2004 and 2022.

Answer 27

The total electricity capacity gently fluctuates between 2004 and 2022 where it has stayed around 80GWh until 2015 where it has slowly declined to 65Gwh in 2022.

Question 28

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing electricity capacity in the UK (2004 - 2022). Describe how the graph presents the total electricity demand between 2004 and 2022.

Answer 28

The electricity demand has gently decreased between 2004 and 2022 from 61Gwh to around 50 GWh.

Question 29

Study the Figure 1 Graph showing electricity capacity in the UK (2004 - 2022). Describe how the graph presents the relationship between total electricity capacity and demand between 2004 and 2022.

Answer 29

Shows that as capacity decreases so will demand at a similar rate

Question 30

Study the Figure 1 map on percentage of electricity generated by wind and solar in Europe. How does the UK compare to other European countries?

Answer 30

UK generates more than 25% of energy by solar and wind. However out of the 9 countries that produce more than 25% the UK is the lowest

Question 31

Give 2 countries with a higher percentage of electricity from solar and wind than the UK?

Answer 31

Denmark and Spain

Question 32

Define the term renewable energy?

Answer 32

Energy from sources that are naturally replenished

Question 33

Give 2 social advs of renewable energy?

Answer 33

1. Better health from reduced air pollution 2. Decrease in reliance on other countries due to energy independence

Question 34

Give 2 social Disadvs of renewable energy?

Answer 34

1. Some renewables caused visual and noise pollution 2. Large projects could displace people

Question 35

Give 2 economic advs of renewable energy?

Answer 35

1. Job creation in the renewable sector 2. Energy security as the UK creates its own energy

Question 36

Give 2 economic Disadvs of renewable energy?

Answer 36

1. High initial costs to build infrastructure 2. Renewables can be less reliable, requiring back up sources

Question 37

Give 2 environmental advs of renewable energy?

Answer 37

1. No green house gases emitted reducing climate change 2. Resources won't run out

Question 38

Give 2 environmental Disadvs of renewable energy?

Answer 38

1. Some projects harm wildlife 2. Manufacturing the technology can have an environmental footprint

Question 39

Describe the location of Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary?

Answer 39

To the North West of England just off the M6 motorway

Question 40

Describe the geography of Morecombe bay from the photograph on page 5?

Answer 40

Generally the area is very flat and lacks hill and mountains. This is demonstrated by th large amount of plateaued land in the picture

Question 41

Give 2 social advs of the Tidal barrage scheme to Morecombe Bay and Duddon Estuary?

Answer 41

1. Reduces travel times 2. Recreational opportunities : Marines or leisure

Question 42

Give 2 social disadvs of the Tidal barrage scheme to Morecombe Bay and Duddon Estuary?

Answer 42

1. Disrupts local communities when being made 2. Impacts fishers with changes to tidal pattern

Question 43

Give 2 economic advs of the Tidal barrage scheme to Morecombe Bay and Duddon Estuary?

Answer 43

1. Creates many jobs for construction + maintenance 2. Scheme produces sustainable energy, lowering costs

Question 44

Give 2 economic disadvs of the Tidal barrage scheme to Morecombe Bay and Duddon Estuary?

Answer 44

1. High initial costs for manufacturing 2. Impacts tourism due to changes to natural habitats (dept on public perception)

Question 45

Give an environmental adv of the Tidal barrage scheme to Morecombe Bay and Duddon Estuary?

Answer 45

Reduction in greenhouse emissions due to reduction in reliance on fossil fuels

Question 46

Give 2 environmental diadvs of the Tidal barrage scheme to Morecombe Bay and Duddon Estuary?

Answer 46

1. Disrupts the ecosystems by changes to tidal flow 2. Sediment Accumulation - changes in sediment deposition