Israel, Phoenicia and Persia quiz Flashcards
After the Israelites took over Canaan after the Exodus (which is sooo cool) what was the name of the only area where Canaanite culture and political tradition survived?
Lebanon; a narrow strip of land besides the sea
What are the people living in Lebanon called today?
The Phoenicians
What were the Phoenicians originally called by their contemporaries?
The Sidonians
What resulted from the Phoenicians being forced to live so close to the sea and losing access to the land?
They became increasingly seawards, and ended up becoming the greatest sailors and traders of any age
Why are the Phoenicians my favorite Mesopotamian civilization?
cause there basically pirates and they faught krackens which are real
Why is documenting history about the Phoenicians hard?
Very few ancient documents from them have survived
What do historians have to do to document the history of the Phoenicians?
They have to use historical accounts from other civilizations that have survived
Where do historians go to to find Phoenician history?
The Old Testament, and Assyrian royal records
What are the four main city-states of Phoenicia?
Trye, Sidon, Byblos and Arvad
What was Phoenicia comprised of?
Several smaller independent city-states, who spoke the same language, worshipped the same gods, but never came together to form a country.
Why didn’t the Phoenician City states come together to form a country?
They were jealous of each other’s success and overly independent.
What part did each city-states king/queen play in religion?
The king and queen acted as a priest and priestess.
Who did the Phoenician kings have to help them make decisions?
A council of elders
In Tyre, what would the council of elders do on the King’s behalf when he was absent?
Make decisions on his behalf
In Sidon, what could the council of elders do if they thought fit?
Act against the king, if they thought fit
How many elders would be in the council of elders in Sidon?
Hundreds
What two Phoenician kings aided King David in his struggles against the Philistines?
Abibaal and, later, his son Hiram, both kings of Tyre
Other than King David, which Israelite king did Hiram, king of Tyre, have an alliance with?
King Solomon
Who did the bad king of Israel, Ahab, marry, and who is she the daughter of?
Jezebel, daughter of the king of Sidon
What Assyrian King created the worlds first standing army?
Tiglath Pileser III
What Assyrian King ruled over the Phoenicians
Tiglath Pileser III
What did the Phoenicians enjoy once tight Assyrian control ended?
A time of great prsperity at least until they were put under control again
Why didn’t Phoenicia rebel under the rule of Cyrus, king of Persia? (4 benefits and 1 reason why)
- Got to keep their own rulers
- Got to keep their own way of life
- Were well treated
- Free to expand their trade
– all as long as they regularly paid their taxes
What curse was Tyre put under, sometime during the fall of the Assyrian rule of Phoenicia, and by which prophet?
The prophet Ezekiel prophesized that Tyre would have a great time of prosperity for a while, but then lose everything for being too proud
What was the Battle of Issus?
It was a battle between the Greeks under Alexander the Great and Persia
After the Battle of Issus, who gained control of Phoenicia?
The Greeks
From where did the religious beliefs and practices of the Phoenicians descend from?
The Canaanites
What gods were at the head of the Phoenician pantheon?
The 3 baals; Baal-shamem, Baal-malage, and Baal-saphon
What was Baal-shamen god of?
god of Heaven
What was Baal-malage god of?
god of fishing
What was Baal-saphon god of?
god of storm
Where would the Phoenicians worship?
'’High places,’ open-air sanctuaries with alters and symbolic pillars
How would the Phoenicians worship the god Moloch?
Through child sacrifice
What kind of children were normally sacrificed to Moloch?
Sickly children, or children bought specifically for the purpose
Instead of sick children, in desperate times, what kind of children would be sacrificed to Moloch instead?
Noble’s children
How were children sacrificed to Moloch in Phoenicia?
They were placed in the hands of a bronze statue of him, and then be rolled into his mouth full of flames.
How did the Phoenicians usually bury their dead?
In cut tombs in rock or cremination
What were nobles and royalty buried in in Phoenicia?
Fine stone and sarcophagi
What were burials in Phoenicia equipped with?
Vessels for food and drink, personal ornaments and cosmetic articles
What were the Phoenicians masters of?
They were masters of the sea the masters of sailing and navigating, and shipbuilding
What are the two most famous voyages associated with the Phoenicians?
Himilco and Hanno
Where did the Phoenician voyage of Himilco sail to, and why?
it sailed to Brittany and Cornwall, for the tin mined there
Where did the Phoenician voyage of Hanno sail to?
To at least Sierra Leone and possibly well into the Gulf of Guinea
How many letters are in the Phoenician alphabet?
22
Why did the Phoenicians create their form of writing?
Their travelling merchants needed a simplified kind of writing to keep business records.
Why couldn’t the Phoenician travelling merchants use cuneiform?
They needed a quick way of writing records down; cuneiform was too time-consuming
How many symbols did cuneiform have?
600
Which way were sentences read with the Phoenician alphabet?
Right to left
What was only written with the Phonetic Alphabet, and so the reader had to supply?
Only consonants were written, so the reader had to supply the vowels.
What did the Phoenicians completely replace pictographs with in their alphabet?
linear letters
Where did we get the world “Alphabet” from?
The first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet, alpha and beth
Where does most of our informatio on early Israel come from?
The Old Testiment, the first part of the Bible
What is a patriarch?
The leader of a nomadic tribe
Who is the most famous Patriarch?
Abraham
What was the mass migration of the Israelites known as?
The Exodus
What is a covenant?
A solemn agreement/promise between 2 people
Who is Yahweh?
God. God of the Israelites, God of the Gentiles. God of all the world and all creation. God.
What did God give Moses?
The 10 commandments
What was Nebuchadnezzar II’s aim with his expansion of his territory?
To have no opposition from “horizon to sky.”
Who is Nebuchadnezzar II?
The king of Babylon who put the Jews in captivity
What did Nebuchadnezzar II pursue?
A military policy of expansion
Other than his military exploits, what else is Nebuchadnezzar II known for?
Building the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
For what reason is it believe King Nebuchadnezzar built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?
For his homesick wife, so the Hanging Gardens were to resemble that land
What were the Jews the first of? (religion wise)
Monotheists
When was the original Jewish Diaspora?
586 B.C, when Babylon conquered them, but this only lasted a few centuries
What was the Jewish dispora?
the dispersion of Jewish people throughout Europe and the rest of the world
When did the Jewish Diaspora start?
70 A.D, with the destruction of the temple
How many books in the Old Testament?
39
What is the whole Old Testament saying?
That there will be a coming saviour
What is the main topic of scripture? (Memorize it’s a memory verse) ⭐️
“The main topic of Scripture is God receiving glory by restoring fellowship between Himself and the human race through His Son, Jesus Christ.”
What are the 3 categories the Old Testament is categorized into?
- The Law of Moses
- The Prophets
- The Historical Books
How many books are in the Law of Moses?
5 books, Genesis to Deuteronomy
How many prophetic books are there in the Old Testament?
17 books, from Isaiah to Malachi
How many major prophets are there in the Old Testament?
5 major prophets
How many minor prophets are there in the Old Testament?
12 minor prophets
How many Historical Books are in the Old Testament?
17 books
What are the 3 types of laws in the Old Testament?
- Ceremonial laws
- Civil laws
- Moral laws
Why don’t we have to follow the ceremonial laws in the Old Testament anymore?
Jesus fulfilled these laws by dying on the cross
“Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.” Matthew 5:17
Why don’t we have to follow the civil laws in the Old Testament anymore?
These laws are for the governing of the country of Israel
Why do we still have to follow the moral laws in the Old Testament?
Because Gods morals do not change, He is the same God as before, as now
(A cool thing to remember is that God isn’t a rule book, He’s a person. And that’s nice to know when thinking about moral dilemmas. Ex. Divorce isn’t good, but He isn’t gonna force you to live with someone who’s beating you Y’know, He is understanding, a person, not a rulebook. Don’t forget though, if you can’t justify it to Him, you are guilty.)
What are the 3 views on the inspiration of the Bible?
- God told the wrights exactly what to write, word for word.
- Gold told the writers what to write, but they did it in their own words.
- It was just a bunch of really religious people who wrote the Bible (Not inspired).
When does the Old Testament story start?
The beginning of time. The creation of the universe
When does the Old Testament story end?
400 years before the coming of Jesus Christ
What are the 8 Eras of the history of the Old Testament?
1,2. Nothing/Something
3,4. Exiting/Entering
5,6. United/Divided
7,8. Scattered/Gathered
What 4 things does the Nothing Era of the Old Testament describe?
- How the human race was created by God
- Why the human race needs to be brought back to God
- Everything God created was perfect
- A theme of restoration
What are the 4 main events in the Nothing Era of the Old Testament?
- Creation
- The Fall
- The Flood
- The Tower of Babel/Fallout
Who is the Main Character(s) of Creation of the four main events of the Nothing Era of the Old Testament?
God (Elohim)
Who is the Main Character(s) of The Fall of the four main events of the Nothing Era of the Old Testament?
Adam and Eve
Who is the Main Character(s) of The Flood of the four main events of the Nothing Era of the Old Testament?
Noah (the best character btw)
Who is the Main Character(s) of Creation of the four main events of the Nothing Era of the Old Testament?
God (Elohim)
What is Satan’s 4 step strategy?
1. Doubt (“Did God really say. . .”)
2. Deceive
3. Divide
4. Destroy
What is the result if you have faith Genesis 1:1 is true? (“In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth”)
If you believe in Gen 1:1, that God created the universe, and it is not above Him, then everything after that is really, really simple. Now every other miraculous event is possible. If God created the universe, why should the laws of the universe hold Him back?
Where does The Fall take place?
The Garden of Eden
Where was the resting place of the ark?
The mountains of Ararat
Where was the Tower of Babel built?
A plain in the land of Shinar
What are the 4 different views on creation?
1. Young Earth Creationism (less epic)
2. Old Earth Creationism (epic)
3. Evolution (atheistic) (ew)
4. Theistic evolution (epic)
When does the Nothing Era of the Old Testament end?
With the death of Abrahams’s father, Terah
Who are the most important characters of the Nothing Era of the Old Testiment?
Adam and Eve
Adam and Eve were created holy, but what was the problem with this holiness?
They were created holy, but it was an untested holiness
What was the test given to Adam and Eve so they could be given the chance (a gift to them) to prove themselves deserving of their holiness?
A single prohibition, not to eat from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
What does it mean to be holy?
To be set aside for a specific purpose; made different
What is the purpose of God’s commands?
To keep us from exercising liberty in bad directions
What are the 2 ways Satan tempts?
- Directly
- Telling us 1/2 truths
How does Satan tempt us directly?
He makes us question something God has clearly commanded (and to note, commanded for our benefit)
From what 2 things does Satan have help from?
- Evil spirits
- A world system
How does Satan tempt us through 1/2 truths?
He twists God’s Word, minimizes the consequences, and/or maximizes the perceived benefits
What 3 things does the Nothing Era of the Old Testament explain?
- God’s purpose for man
- God’s problem with man
- God’s solution for man
What is God’s purpose for man?
For them to have fellowship with Himself for eternity
What is God’s problem with man?
The fellowship between God and man was broken because of man’s disobedience
What was God’s solution for man?
For a savior to come to destroy the work of the devil
What does the Second Era, the Something Era of the Old Testament describe?
God choosing the Hebrew race and turning it into something
In what 2 ways did God turn the Hebrew race into something?
- Significance
- Size
Who are the 4 Patriarchs in the Something Era?
- Abraham
- Isaac
- Jacob
- Joseph
Where does the Something Era take place?
the Middle East
When does the Something Era begin?
With the death of Abraham’s father, Terah
When does the Somethign Era end?
With the exodus of the Hebrew people from Egypt
Who is the most famous character in the Something Era?
Abraham
What 3 religions is Abraham the father of?
- Judaism
- Christianity
- Islam
What does Jehovah/Jireh mean?
Provider
Where did God get the name Jehovah/Jireh?
The Story of Abraham sacrificing his son, Isaac, but instead of having to sacrifice his son, God provided His son thousands of years later! (On the very same mountain)
What 3 things does the Something Era of the Old Testament explain?
- God’s Promise for His people
- God’s Plan for His people
- God’s Purpose for His people
What was God’s promise for His people?
That He will bless them
What was God’s plan for His people?
That they will be a blessing
What was God’s purpose for His people?
That in them, all the families of the earth would be blessed
What is the Third Era Exiting Era, about?
God delivering the Hebrews from Egypt and preparing them to enter the land of Canaan
How long did the journey of the Israelites exiting Egypt to entering the Promised Land take?
40 years
What are the 4 books in the Exiting Era?
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
What is the book of Exodus about in the Exiting Era of the Old Testament?
The departure of the Hebrews by blood and by power and their covenant with God at Sinai
What is a “Type”?
A ‘picture’ of Christ dying on the cross for us
What is you faith only as valid as?
Your faith is only as valid as the object your putting your faith in
What is the main Type in Exodus?
The Passover; an innocent lamb having to die to save many
What were each of the Ten Plagues a direct attack on?
Each were a direct attack on a prominent god of Egypt
What is the book of Leviticus about in the Exiting Era of the Old Testament?
The duties of the Levitical priests in leading worship in the tabernacle and through kinds of offerings and festivals
What is the book of Numbers about in the Exiting Era of the Old Testament?
The first census at Sinai, the rebellion at Kadesh (them lying cause they were scared to go to the promised land), 39 years of wilderness wandering and the second census at Moab
What were the census in Numbers counting?
number of men of fighting age
What were the estimate total number of people in the book of Numbers?
2 million
What does rebellion always start with?
Murmuring and complaining
We can choose to sin, but can’t choose what?
The consequences (sin is just the act of choosing to follow your heart instead of God’s heart, what God wants for you is the best for you, cause He loves you like a parent. Everything God says is for your own good, and if you don’t do what’s good for you, sadly there’s going to be consequences)
What does Deuteronomy include in the Exiting Era of the Old Testament?
The second giving the the Ten commandments and many other instructions to the new generation
Where did the Exiting Era of the Old Testament start at and then move to? (4 places)
- Starts at Egypt
- Moves to Sinai
- Goes to Kadesh
- Ends at the plain by the Jordan River