Isotopes Flashcards
atoms of same element but have different mass/mass number
Isotopes
Same atoms with different number of neutrons
Isotopes
atoms with unstable nucleus that spontaneously decay
Radioisotopes / Radioactive Isotopes
3 Carbon Isotopes
Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14
These emits radiation until nucleus is stable
Radioisotopes / Radioactive Isotopes
Three types of Radiation
Alpha Particles
Beta Particles
Gamma Ray
by the end of ____ it was known that isotopes emits penetrating rays
1800
original parent nuclear lost 2 protons and Neutrons
Alpha Particles
When a neutron decays ejecting an electron and turning into a proton
Beta Particles
Changes the number of proton in nucleus forming a new element
Beta Particles
It often accompanies the emission of either the beta or alpha particles
Gamma Ray
2 protons 2 neutrons
Alpha Particles
Consist of high energy electron
Beta Particles
Pure energy/ electromagnetic radiation
Gamma Ray
Radiation with 2+ charge
Alpha Particles
Radiation with 1- charge
Beta Particles
Radiation with no charge
Gamma Ray
Can travel few cm through AIR
Alpha Particles
Can travel few m through AIR
Beta Particles
Can travel 100 m through AIR
Gamma Ray
Radiation that can’t pass through skin
Alpha Particles
Radiation that can pass few mm through skin
Beta Particles
Radiation that can pass through skin
Gamma Ray
It is stopped by skin, paper and cloth
Alpha particles
It is stopped by wood and metal sheets
Beta Particles
What can stop Gamma Ray
Thick lead concrete
Give some effects of Radiation
Indirect radiation damage can cause cell death/mutation
Damaging to living cell
hair loss, nausea, skin eruptions
dangerous to fetus and growing children
unique rate of how an radioisotopes decay
Half Life
Length of time it take for one half of the mass of substance to decay
Half Life
Very unstable = ___ half life
short
High energy loss = __ half life
Short
Give some uses of radioisotopes
Tomotheraphy, Xray, Nuclear power, smoke detectors, Carbon Dating
all living things contains ___
Carbon
?% carbon atom have stable nucleus
99.8% (.2% is Carbon 14)
Carbon -14 half life is
5730 years
Carbon Dating is accurate to about ___ years
50,000
