Isotonic Fluid Imbalances Flashcards
What are the factors that impact fluid homeostasis
Environmental stress, acute and chronic disease, impair intake, increase fluid loss, limit regulation
Isotonic definition and examples
State where 2 solutions have an equal concentration of solutes. Ex NS, D5w before it is absorbed
Hypotonic definition and examples
Solution containing lower amount of solutes (pure water, 0.45% saline, D5w once absorbed, ringers lactate
Hypertonic definition and examples
Solution containing high amounts of solutes. Ex 3% saline, D10w, D5w in ns
What are isotonic changes
The net movement of water and solutes is proportional and does not change osmolality. No shift between ICC and ecc.
Hypovolemia
Isotonic fluid deficit
Hypervolemia
Isotonic fluid excess
Is there a difference of osmolality in hypotonic fluid deficit (hypovolemia). Why or why not?
No, because water and sodium are both being lost and both not being replaced resulting in no change to electrolyte concentration. This results in the contraction of fluids in the ECF and potentially shock
What is a patient with hypotonic fluid deficit (hypovolemia) going to look like? Symptoms?
Impaired thirst, unconscious, confused, dry mouth, can’t swallow, fever, decreased weight, decreased urine output, decreased BP, increased HR
Is there a change in osmolality in isotonic fluid excess? Why or why not?
No because the fluid is isotonic so both fluids and electrolytes are being gained. Causes expansion of the ECF compartment but no shift into the ICF.
What is edema
Too much excess fluid in the ECF that causes too much hydrostatic pressure and not enough osmotic pressure to get the fluid back into the blood
What are the signs of isotonic fluid excess (hypervolemia)
Weight gain, distended neck veins, full and bounding pulse, shortness of breath, crackles in lungs
