Acute Kidney Injury

Question 1

What are the functions of the kidney

Answer 1

Volume (by filtering blood and adjusting the amount of water excreted in urine), concentration (ensures the balance of electrolytes), pH (maintains body’s acid base imbalances), metabolic (synthesis of vitamin D, gluconeogensis), excretory (excretes wastes and toxins), Endocrine (secretes erythropoietin, renin, and calcitriole).

Question 2

What is AKI

Answer 2

Rapid decline in kidney function sufficient to increase blood levels of nitrogenous wastes and impair fluid and electrolyte balance. Ischemic damage to renal tubular epithelial cells. When about 25% of kidney is damaged. 10% or less of kidney function=end stage

Question 3

What is creatinine

Answer 3

Byproduct of creatinine phosphate, which is used in skeletal muscle contraction, waste product of muscles. Filtered by kidneys. Formation is constant and proportional to amount of muscle present.

Question 4

What is BUN

Answer 4

Indirect measure of renal function. Protein is broken down into Amino acids that are broken down further to form free ammonia that combines with urea and is deposited in the blood. Should be filtered out by kidneys.

Question 5

What is the definition of Liguria

Answer 5

Urine output <0.5ml/kg per hour

Question 6

Anuria

Answer 6

<50 to 100ml of urine output/day

Question 7

How do prerenal injuries occur

Answer 7

Renal blood flow decreases, GFR decreases, filtration of Na, H2O, and wastes decrease and reabsorption increases, Oliguria occurs, blood flow is decreased causing ischemic damage to tubular epithelial cells than can progress to acute tubular necrosis.