Isomerism (3.3.1 -organic) Flashcards
What is an isomer?
Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formula.
What are the three different types of structural isomer?
- Chain isomerism
- Position isomerism
- Functional group isomerism
What is chain isomerism?
- more than one way of arranging C atoms in longest chain
- similar chemicals properties
- slightly different physical properties
Why do chain isomers have slightly different physical properties?
Branches compact isomers = weak can see Waals forces,
Low mpt and bpt
What is a position isomer?
- same C chain and functional group
- position of functional group changes
What is functional group isomerism?
- same molecular formula but different functional groups
Cycloalkanes and alkenes
Define molecular formula
Actual numbers of each atom in a formula
Define Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of each atom
Define displayed formula
Shows all bonds
Define skeletal formula
Don’t draw C or H, lines represent bonds
Define stereoisomerism
- same molecular formula
- same structural formula
- different arrangement of atoms in space
What are geometric isomers?
- cannot rotate about C=C
- must have 2 different groups on both carbons of C=C
What are the two types of geometric isomers?
- Z ( same side)
- E (opposite side)
List 4 CIP rules
- Prioritise by considering Atomic no. Of atoms
- Higher atomic no.= higher priority
- Z has high priority on same side
- E has higher priority on opposite sides
Define monomers
Individual reactive species (alkenes)
