isomerism

Question 1

what are the main types of isomerism

Answer 1

stereoisomerism and structural isomerism

Question 2

what different types of structural isomerism

Answer 2

chain isomerism, postional isomerism and functuntional group isomerism

Question 3

describe chain isomerism

Answer 3

they have changed carbon chains. For example, one might be pentane, the other 2-methylbutane.

pentane:

  H   H   H   H   H
 |    |    |    |    | H - C - C - C - C - C - H
 |    |    |    |    |
 H   H   H   H   H
	 	 		                                                                                                                                                   2-methylbutane:
	  CH3
     | CH3—CH—CH2—CH3

Question 4

describe positional isomerism

Answer 4

The carbon chain is identical, but the functional group is on a different carbon.

Question 5

describe functional group isomerism

Answer 5

These have the same atoms, but they’re arranged into a different functional group.
e.g but-1-ene and cyclobutane.

but-1-ene:

H   H   H   H
|   |   |   | H—C=C—C—C—H
|   |   |   |
H   H   H   H cyclobutane: (skeletal)    C  /    \ C      C  \    /    C

Question 6

what is stereoisomerism

Answer 6

Stereoisomers are structures with same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 7

what rules must apply for E / Z isomers

Answer 7

when there is a restricted rotation of the C=C bond. and if the groups bonded to each carbon atom in the C=C bond are different

Question 8

what is an E isomer. (trans)

Answer 8

In an E isomer, the two highest priority groups on each carbon atom are on opposite sides of the double bond.

trans - transgender on both teams that dont like them,

Question 9

what is a Z isomer (cis)

Answer 9

In a Z isomer, the two highest priority groups on each carbon atom are on the same side of the double bond.

Question 10

how to determine the highest priority group in E/Z isomers

Answer 10

calculate the highest atomic number