Isomerism

Question 1

2 monosaccharides differ from each other in their configuration around a single specific carbon

Answer 1

Epimerism

Question 2

C2 epimer
HO - C - H

Answer 2

Mannose

Question 3

C4 epimer
H - C - OH

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

C4 epimer
HO - C - H

Answer 4

Galactose

Question 5

Isomers obtained from the change of position of hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon ex. a and b glucose, fructose

Answer 5

Anomerism

Question 6

OH
hydroxyl not aligned with carbon

Answer 6

Alpha

Question 7

OH
hydroxyl align with carbon

Answer 7

Beta

Question 8

change in the specific optical rotation by the interconvension of a and b forms of D glucose to an equilibrium mixture

Answer 8

Mutarotation

Question 9

OH
|
H

Answer 9

B - D glucose

Question 10

OH
|
OH

Answer 10

A - D Glucose

Question 11

HO - H
| |
H OH

Answer 11

B - D Glucose

Question 12

HO - OH
| |
H OH

Answer 12

A - D Glucose

Question 13

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides

Answer 13

classification of saccharides, sugar, carbohydrates

Question 14

simplest carbohydrates, 3-6 carbon atoms
Carbonyl group aldehyde or ketone
Several hydroxyl group
Colorless crystalline solids

Answer 14

Monosaccharides

Question 15

2 monosaccharides

Answer 15

Disaccharides

Question 16

2-10 monosaccharides

Answer 16

Oligosaccharide

Question 17

Many monosaccharides

Answer 17

polysaccharides

Question 18

Monosaccharides- w/ aldehyde group
Many hydroxyl
(-OH) groups
triose (3 carbon atom)
tetrose (4)
pentose (5)
hexose (6)

Answer 18

Aldose

Question 19

Monosaccharides - w/ ketone group
Many hydroxyl
(-OH) groups
triose (3 carbon atom)
tetrose (4)
pentose (5)
hexose (6)

Answer 19

Ketose

Question 20

O
||
C - H aldose
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
CH2OH

Answer 20

Erythrose, an aldotetrose

Question 21

CH2OH
|
C = O ketose
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
CH2OH

Answer 21

Fructose, a ketohexose

Question 22

Found in fruits, corn syrup, honey
Aldohexose with formula C6H12O6
Blood sugar in body
Monosaccharide in polymers of starch, cellulose, glycogen

Answer 22

D - Glucose

Question 23

H O
\ /
C
|
H- C - OH
|
HO - C - H
|
H- C - OH
|
H- C - OH
|
CH2OH

Answer 23

D - Glucose

Question 24

In the body Glucose has normal blood level of 70 - 90 mg/dL

Answer 24

Blood Glucose level

Question 25

Glucose tolerance test measures blood glucose for several hours after ingesting sugar

Answer 25

Blood Glucose Level

Question 26

Low glucose

Answer 26

Hypoglycemia

Question 27

Ketohexose C6H12O6 Sweetest carbohydrate Found in fruit, juices, honey Converts to glucose in the honey

Answer 27

D - Fructose

Question 28

CH2OH | C = OH | HO - C - OH | H - C - OH | H - C - OH | CH2OH

Answer 28

D - Fructose

Question 29

aldohexose C6H12O6 not found free in nature Obtained from lactose a disaccharide similar structure to glucose except for the - OH on C4

Answer 29

D - Galactose

Question 30

O || C - H | H - C - OH | HO - C - H | HO - C - H | H - C - OH | CH2OH

Answer 30

D - Galactose

Question 31

Fischer projection Haworth projection X-ray diffraction analysis

Answer 31

structure of monosaccharides

Question 32

straight chain structural formula

Answer 32

Fischer projection

Question 33

Cyclic formula or ring structure

Answer 33

Haworth projection

Question 34

boat and chair form

Answer 34

X-ray diffraction analysis

Question 35

- developed by Hermann Emil Fischer (German) - represent carbohydrates - places the most oxidize group at the top - shows chiral carbons as the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines

Answer 35

Fischer projection

Question 36

H O \ / C | HO -+- H CH2OH

Answer 36

L glyceraldehyde

Question 37

H O \ / C | H -+- OH CH2OH

Answer 37

D glyceraldehyde

Question 38

- developed by Walter Noman Haworth (British) - 2 - dimensional structural anotation that specifies the 3 dimensial - structure of a cyclic form of monosaccharides

Answer 38

Haworth projection

Question 39

CH2OH | ________ O / \ \ ________ /

Answer 39

Glucose Haworth Projection

Question 40

prevalent form of monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms

Answer 40

Cyclic structure

Question 41

________ O / \ \ ________ /

Answer 41

Pyran

Question 42

O / \ \ / _____

Answer 42

Furan

Question 43

Formed when the hydroxyl group on C5 reacts with the aldehyde or ketone group

Answer 43

Cyclic structure