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Biochemistry Lecture > Isomerism > Flashcards

Isomerism Flashcards

1
Q

2 monosaccharides differ from each other in their configuration around a single specific carbon

A

Epimerism

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2
Q

C2 epimer
HO - C - H

A

Mannose

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3
Q

C4 epimer
H - C - OH

A

Glucose

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4
Q

C4 epimer
HO - C - H

A

Galactose

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5
Q

Isomers obtained from the change of position of hydroxyl group attached to the anomeric carbon ex. a and b glucose, fructose

A

Anomerism

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6
Q

OH
hydroxyl not aligned with carbon

A

Alpha

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7
Q

OH
hydroxyl align with carbon

A

Beta

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8
Q

change in the specific optical rotation by the interconvension of a and b forms of D glucose to an equilibrium mixture

A

Mutarotation

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9
Q

OH
|
H

A

B - D glucose

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10
Q

OH
|
OH

A

A - D Glucose

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11
Q

HO - H
| |
H OH

A

B - D Glucose

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12
Q

HO - OH
| |
H OH

A

A - D Glucose

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13
Q

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides

A

classification of saccharides, sugar, carbohydrates

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14
Q

simplest carbohydrates, 3-6 carbon atoms
Carbonyl group aldehyde or ketone
Several hydroxyl group
Colorless crystalline solids

A

Monosaccharides

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15
Q

2 monosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

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16
Q

2-10 monosaccharides

A

Oligosaccharide

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17
Q

Many monosaccharides

A

polysaccharides

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18
Q

Monosaccharides- w/ aldehyde group
Many hydroxyl
(-OH) groups
triose (3 carbon atom)
tetrose (4)
pentose (5)
hexose (6)

A

Aldose

19
Q

Monosaccharides - w/ ketone group
Many hydroxyl
(-OH) groups
triose (3 carbon atom)
tetrose (4)
pentose (5)
hexose (6)

A

Ketose

20
Q

O
||
C - H aldose
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
CH2OH

A

Erythrose, an aldotetrose

21
Q

CH2OH
|
C = O ketose
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
CH2OH

A

Fructose, a ketohexose

22
Q

Found in fruits, corn syrup, honey
Aldohexose with formula C6H12O6
Blood sugar in body
Monosaccharide in polymers of starch, cellulose, glycogen

A

D - Glucose

23
Q

H O
\ /
C
|
H- C - OH
|
HO - C - H
|
H- C - OH
|
H- C - OH
|
CH2OH

A

D - Glucose

24
Q

In the body Glucose has normal blood level of 70 - 90 mg/dL

A

Blood Glucose level

25
Q

Glucose tolerance test measures blood glucose for several hours after ingesting sugar

A

Blood Glucose Level

26
Q

Low glucose

A

Hypoglycemia

27
Q

Ketohexose
C6H12O6
Sweetest carbohydrate
Found in fruit, juices, honey
Converts to glucose in the honey

A

D - Fructose

28
Q

CH2OH
|
C = OH
|
HO - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
H - C - OH
|
CH2OH

A

D - Fructose

29
Q

aldohexose
C6H12O6
not found free in nature
Obtained from lactose a disaccharide
similar structure to glucose except for the - OH on C4

A

D - Galactose

30
Q

O
||
C - H
|
H - C - OH
|
HO - C - H
|
HO - C - H
|
H - C - OH
|
CH2OH

A

D - Galactose

31
Q

Fischer projection
Haworth projection
X-ray diffraction analysis

A

structure of monosaccharides

32
Q

straight chain structural formula

A

Fischer projection

33
Q

Cyclic formula or ring structure

A

Haworth projection

34
Q

boat and chair form

A

X-ray diffraction analysis

35
Q
  • developed by Hermann Emil Fischer (German)
  • represent carbohydrates
  • places the most oxidize group at the top
  • shows chiral carbons as the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines
A

Fischer projection

36
Q

H O
\ /
C
|
HO -+- H
CH2OH

A

L glyceraldehyde

37
Q

H O
\ /
C
|
H -+- OH
CH2OH

A

D glyceraldehyde

38
Q
  • developed by Walter Noman Haworth (British)
  • 2 - dimensional structural anotation that specifies the 3 dimensial
  • structure of a cyclic form of monosaccharides
A

Haworth projection

39
Q

CH2OH
|
________ O
/ \
\ ________ /

A

Glucose Haworth Projection

40
Q

prevalent form of monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms

A

Cyclic structure

41
Q

________ O
/ \
\ ________ /

A

Pyran

42
Q

O
/ \
\ /
_____

A

Furan

43
Q

Formed when the hydroxyl group on C5 reacts with the aldehyde or ketone group

A

Cyclic structure

Biochemistry Lecture (3 decks)

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