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Biochemistry Lecture > Introduction to Biochemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Science concerned with the chemical basis of life.

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

Science concerned with the various molecules that occur in living cells and organisms and with their chemical reaction.

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

to describe and explain, in molecular terms, all chemical processes of living cells.

A

Aim

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4
Q

Structure-function
* Metabolism and Regulation
* How life began?

A

Aim

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5
Q

essential to all life sciences as the common knowledge.

A

Significance

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6
Q

Genetics, Cell Biology,
Molecular Biology
* Physiology and Immunology
Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Toxicology, Pathology,
Microbiology
* Zoology and Botany

A

Significance

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7
Q

Medical students who acquire a sound knowledge of biochemistry will be in a strong position to deal with two central concerns of the health sciences:

A

The understanding and maintenance of health.
* The understanding and effective treatment of disease.

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8
Q

Pioneer
Father of Biochemistry
* Editor of first journal of Biochemistry

A

1903 CARL NEUBERG (GERMAN)

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9
Q

Notable Breakthroughs
* Discovery of the role of enzymes as catalysts.
Identification of nucleic acids as information molecules.

A

1903 CARL NEUBERG (GERMAN)

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10
Q

Discovered Citric Acid Cycle
Won Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953

A

1937 SIR HANS ADOLF KREBS (GERMAN]

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11
Q

Discovered DNA as double helix
* Won Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962

A

1953 JAMES WATSON AND FRANCIS CRICK (ENGLISH)

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12
Q
  • Determined Insulin sequence and structure of proteins
  • Won Nobel Prize in Physiology or
    Medicine in 1956
A

1955 FREDERICK SANGER (BRITISH)

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13
Q

Determined sequence of DNA
Won Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980

A

1980 FREDERICK SANGER (BRITISH) AND WALTER GILBERT (AMERICAN)

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14
Q

Invention of PCR method
Won Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993

A

1993 KARY MULLIS (AMERICAN)

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15
Q

Coverage Structure and functions of cellular components

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules
Metabolism and Regulation
Gene expression and modulation

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16
Q

Each type of biomolecules are polymers that are assembled from single units

A

Monomers

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16
Q

Each type of biomolecules

A

polymers

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17
Q

MACROMOLECULE Carbohydrates

A

MONOMER Monosaccharide

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18
Q

Each type of macromolecule is an assemblage of

A

DIFFERENT TYPES OF MONOMER.

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19
Q

MACROMOLECULE Lipids

A

MONOMER Not always polymers;
Hydrocarbon chains

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20
Q

MACROMOLECULE Proteins

A

MONOMER Amino Acids

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21
Q

MACROMOLECULE Nucleic Acids

A

MONOMER Nucleotides

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22
Q

Macromolecule to Monomer

A

CATABOLIC

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23
Q

Monomer to Macromolecule

A

ANABOLIC

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24
Q

Basic building blocks of life

A

CELLS

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25
Q

Smallest living unit of an organism

A

Cell

26
Q

A cell may be an entire organism (unicellular) or it may be one of billions of cells that make up the organism (multicellular)

A

Cell

27
Q

Grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt, respond to their environment

A

Cell

28
Q

Many cannot be seen with the naked eye

A

Cell

28
Q

A typical cell size is 10um (micrometers); a typical cell mass is 1 nanogram.)

A

Cell

29
Q

(Greek: pro-before; karyon-nucleus)
include various bacteria

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

30
Q

Lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

31
Q

(Greek: eu-true; karyon-nucleus) include most other cells (plants, fungi, and animals)

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

32
Q

Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

33
Q

Cell
Membrane
: Nucleus
Cytoplasm with organelles

A

EUKARYOTIC
CELLS

34
Q

Cell membrane and cell wall
* Nucleoid region contains
the DNA
* Contain
ribosomes (no membrane)

A

PROKARYOTIC
CELLS

35
Q

Cell’s defining boundary

A

Parts of Cell Plasma Membrane

35
Q

Providing a barrier and containing
transport and signaling systems

A

Parts of Cell Plasma Membrane

36
Q

Cell Information Center

A

Part of Cell: Nucleus

37
Q

Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus. The place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis occur. The nucleolus is a site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome.

A

Part of Cell: Nucleus

38
Q

The power generator

A

Part of cell: Mitochondria

39
Q

Surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae.
Functions in energy production through metabolism. Contains its own DNA.

A

Part of cell: Mitochondria

40
Q

Transport network for molecules

A

Part of Cell: ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

41
Q

covered with ribosomes (causing the “rough” appearance) which are in the process of synthesizing proteins for secretion or localization in membranes.

A

ROUGH ER

42
Q

protein and RNA complex responsible for protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

43
Q

site for synthesis and metabolism of lipid.

A

SMOOTH ER

44
Q

Process and package the macromolecules

A

Part of Cell: GOLGI APPARATUS

45
Q

A series of stacked membranes.
Vesicles carry materials from the Rough
ER to the Golgi apparatus. Vesicles move between the stacks while the proteins are “processed” to a mature form.

A

Part of Cell: GOLGI APPARATUS

46
Q

A membrane-bound organelle that is responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell.

A

Part of Cell: LYSOSOMES

47
Q

Just like cells are building blocks of tissues, biomolecules are building blocks of cells.

A

Biomolecules

48
Q

Animal and plant cells contain approximately 10,000 kinds of biomolecules.

A

Biomolecules

49
Q

Water constitutes 50-95% of cells content by weight.

A

Biomolecules

50
Q

lons like Nat, K+, and Ca2+ account for 1%.

A

Biomolecules

51
Q

Almost all other kinds of biomolecules are organic.

A

Biomolecules

52
Q
  • Organic compounds are compounds composed primarily of a Carbon skeleton.
A

Biomolecules

53
Q

Carbon is more abundant in living organisms than it is in the rest of the universe.

A

CARBON

54
Q
  • The ability of carbon atoms to bond together to form long chains and rings.
A

Carbon

55
Q

SMALL MOLECULES, MONOMERS, POLYMERS

A

TYPES OF BIOMOLECULES

56
Q

Lipid, phospholipid, glycolipid, sterol
Vitamin
Hormone, neurotransmitter
Carbohydrate, sugar

A

SMALL MOLECULES

57
Q

Amino acids
Nucleotides
Monosaccharides

A

MONOMERS

58
Q

Peptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, proteins
* Nucleic acids, i.e. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA
(Ribonucleic acid)
* Oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (including cellulose)

A

POLYMERS

59
Q

Water 61.6 percent 40 kg
Protein 17. 0 percent 11kg
Lipid 13.8 percent 9 kg
Carbohydrates 1.5 percent 1kg
Minerals 6.1 percent 4kg

A

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A REGULAR MAN

60
Q

All cells use nucleic acids (DNA) to store information.
* Except RNA viruses, but not true cells (incapable of autonomous replication).
* All cells use nucleic acids (RNA) to access stored information.
* All cells use proteins as catalysts (enzymes) for chemical reactions.
* A few examples of RNA based enzymes, which may reflect primordial use of RNA.
* All cells use lipids for membrane components.
* Different types of lipids in different types of cells.
All cells use carbohydrates for cell walls (if present), recognition, and energy generation.

A

SIMILARITIES AMONG ALL TYPES OF CELLS

Biochemistry Lecture (3 decks)

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