Isolation precautions

Question 1

What is MSRA?

Answer 1

methicillin resistant staphylococcus

Question 2

What is epidemiology?

Answer 2

study of cause, effects, and incidence in a population

Question 3

what is an ARO?

Answer 3

antibiotic resistant organism

Question 4

What is a MDRO?

Answer 4

multiple drug resistant organism

Question 5

What is VRE?

Answer 5

vancomycin resistant enterococci

Question 6

what is CDAD?

Answer 6

clostiridium difficile associated diarrhea

Question 7

What are HAI’s?

Answer 7

hospital acquired infections

Question 8

What are CAUTI’s

Answer 8

catheter associated UTI’s

Question 9

What is an AGMP?

Answer 9

aerosol generating medical procedure

Question 10

state the 6 elements in the chain of infection

Answer 10

1) infectious agent
2) reservoir
3) portal of exit
4) mode of transmission
5) portal of entry
6) host

Question 11

What is the mode of transmission? what are the 5 types?

Answer 11

the vehicle for the pathogen

5 types:
contact - direct/indirect
Droplet > 5 microns
Airborne < 5 microns
common vehicle (contaminated objects)
vector-borne (mosquitos, plants, spores)

Question 12

What do standard precautions include?

Answer 12

hand hygiene
PPE
safe handling of sharps and bio hazardous waste

Question 13

what are the two types of masks?

Answer 13

procedural (droplet)

n95 (airborne

Question 14

What are the 5 types of transmission-based precautions are there?

Answer 14

1) airborne precautions
2) droplet precautions
3) contact precautions
4) enhanced droplet/contact
5) strict precautions

Question 15

What are airborne precautions?

Answer 15

single room, neg pressure, door closed

all individuals must wear a n95, remove in anteroom/hallway

pt confined to room, must wear a procedural mask if out of room for procedures

Question 16

Give a few examples for organisms that would require airborne precautions

Answer 16

TB
measles

herpes zoster
vericella (chicken pox)

Question 17

What are droplet precautions:

Answer 17

single room preferable, if shared must be at least 1 m apart

door may remain open

mask and protective eyewear or face shield to be worn within 1 m of pt

gloves and gown

pt out only for procedures and is to wear procedural mask

Question 18

What are contact precautions?

Answer 18

single room preferable, can share must remain 1 m apart

door may remain open
glove when entering room
gown if clothing or forearms will have contact

remove ppe before exiting
wash hands
disinfect equipment after each use

pt may be out of room but must perform hand hygiene before leaving

maintain precautions during transport

Question 19

What are enhanced precautions.

Answer 19

designed to be more strict than droplet

neg pressure room if available
mask and eye wear must be worn within 2 m of pt

n95 during AGP

Question 20

what are some examples of organisms that would require droplet precautions?

Answer 20

mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, MRSA

Question 21

What are enhanced precautions?

Answer 21

single room preferable, keep 1 m apart, neg pressure room if available

door must be closed for AGMP and N95 worn for these

gloves and gown at all times

procedural mask and eyewear within 2 m of pt

dedicated equipment, limited transport of pt

restrict visitors

Question 22

What are strict precautions?

Answer 22

single room with neg air pressure

n95 mask, goggles, gloves, and gown before entering

limit AGMP unless absolutely necessary

goggles and full face shield for AGMP

dedicated equip, limit transport

restrict visitors

Question 23

What is a cytotoxic material?

Answer 23

substances that can cause toxicity in the cells of tissue that it may come in contact with

dmgs DNA, may cause cancer

Question 24

What are cytotoxic precautions?

Answer 24

3 categories, high, med, low

follow hazardous drugs handling precautions

include single/double nitrile gloves, eye and face protection, gown

pt body wastes/laundry may need to go into cytotoxic container

Question 25

What are the 8 safety factors to consider regarding isolation?

Answer 25

1) assess factors related to susceptibility
2) use aseptic technique
3) assess for indications that require isolation
4) know agency policies
5) ensure visitors follow precautions
6) use infection control nurse as a resource
7) always follow standard precautions
8) scrub those bugs

Question 26

What is the procedure for donning?

Answer 26

wash hands and prepare all equipment to be taken in

apply gown, neck then waist

apply mask top then bottom

apply eyewear

put on gloves, must cover the cuffs

Question 27

What is the procedure for doffing?

Answer 27

1) remove and discard gloves
2) remove gown, bottom then top and discard
3) hand hygiene

move to anteroom at this point if there is one

4) remove eyewear
5) hand hygiene
6) remove mask, bottom then top and discard
7) hand hygiene

Question 28

How do you remove a gown?

Answer 28

waist ties then neck
slide hands into the sleeves without touching the outside of gown and slip out

fold the outside surfaces inward and roll into a ball

hand hygiene

Question 29

What should be done for patient comfort in isolation situations?

Answer 29

they experience sensory deprivation - encourage visitors, try to engage with them

provide emotional support

recognize moral significance

Question 30

What for questions should be asked in isolation situations?

Answer 30

WHO

WHAT they are being protected from

MODE of transmission

COOPERATIVE or not