Isolation precautions Flashcards
What is MSRA?
methicillin resistant staphylococcus
What is epidemiology?
study of cause, effects, and incidence in a population
what is an ARO?
antibiotic resistant organism
What is a MDRO?
multiple drug resistant organism
What is VRE?
vancomycin resistant enterococci
what is CDAD?
clostiridium difficile associated diarrhea
What are HAI’s?
hospital acquired infections
What are CAUTI’s
catheter associated UTI’s
What is an AGMP?
aerosol generating medical procedure
state the 6 elements in the chain of infection
1) infectious agent
2) reservoir
3) portal of exit
4) mode of transmission
5) portal of entry
6) host
What is the mode of transmission? what are the 5 types?
the vehicle for the pathogen
5 types: contact - direct/indirect Droplet > 5 microns Airborne < 5 microns common vehicle (contaminated objects) vector-borne (mosquitos, plants, spores)
What do standard precautions include?
hand hygiene
PPE
safe handling of sharps and bio hazardous waste
what are the two types of masks?
procedural (droplet)
n95 (airborne
What are the 5 types of transmission-based precautions are there?
1) airborne precautions
2) droplet precautions
3) contact precautions
4) enhanced droplet/contact
5) strict precautions
What are airborne precautions?
single room, neg pressure, door closed
all individuals must wear a n95, remove in anteroom/hallway
pt confined to room, must wear a procedural mask if out of room for procedures
Give a few examples for organisms that would require airborne precautions
TB
measles
herpes zoster
vericella (chicken pox)
What are droplet precautions:
single room preferable, if shared must be at least 1 m apart
door may remain open
mask and protective eyewear or face shield to be worn within 1 m of pt
gloves and gown
pt out only for procedures and is to wear procedural mask
What are contact precautions?
single room preferable, can share must remain 1 m apart
door may remain open
glove when entering room
gown if clothing or forearms will have contact
remove ppe before exiting
wash hands
disinfect equipment after each use
pt may be out of room but must perform hand hygiene before leaving
maintain precautions during transport
What are enhanced precautions.
designed to be more strict than droplet
neg pressure room if available
mask and eye wear must be worn within 2 m of pt
n95 during AGP
what are some examples of organisms that would require droplet precautions?
mumps, diphtheria, pertussis, MRSA
What are enhanced precautions?
single room preferable, keep 1 m apart, neg pressure room if available
door must be closed for AGMP and N95 worn for these
gloves and gown at all times
procedural mask and eyewear within 2 m of pt
dedicated equipment, limited transport of pt
restrict visitors
What are strict precautions?
single room with neg air pressure
n95 mask, goggles, gloves, and gown before entering
limit AGMP unless absolutely necessary
goggles and full face shield for AGMP
dedicated equip, limit transport
restrict visitors
What is a cytotoxic material?
substances that can cause toxicity in the cells of tissue that it may come in contact with
dmgs DNA, may cause cancer
What are cytotoxic precautions?
3 categories, high, med, low
follow hazardous drugs handling precautions
include single/double nitrile gloves, eye and face protection, gown
pt body wastes/laundry may need to go into cytotoxic container
What are the 8 safety factors to consider regarding isolation?
1) assess factors related to susceptibility
2) use aseptic technique
3) assess for indications that require isolation
4) know agency policies
5) ensure visitors follow precautions
6) use infection control nurse as a resource
7) always follow standard precautions
8) scrub those bugs
What is the procedure for donning?
wash hands and prepare all equipment to be taken in
apply gown, neck then waist
apply mask top then bottom
apply eyewear
put on gloves, must cover the cuffs
What is the procedure for doffing?
1) remove and discard gloves
2) remove gown, bottom then top and discard
3) hand hygiene
move to anteroom at this point if there is one
4) remove eyewear
5) hand hygiene
6) remove mask, bottom then top and discard
7) hand hygiene
How do you remove a gown?
waist ties then neck
slide hands into the sleeves without touching the outside of gown and slip out
fold the outside surfaces inward and roll into a ball
hand hygiene
What should be done for patient comfort in isolation situations?
they experience sensory deprivation - encourage visitors, try to engage with them
provide emotional support
recognize moral significance
What for questions should be asked in isolation situations?
WHO
WHAT they are being protected from
MODE of transmission
COOPERATIVE or not
