isolation and growth of microbes

Question 1

how much of the cell does water make up?

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

what are chemotrophs?

Answer 2

break chemical bonds to derive energy

Question 3

what are phototrophs?

Answer 3

energy derived from sunlight via photosynthetic pigments

Question 4

are all cells carbon based?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

what are heterotrophs?

Answer 5

Obtain organic carbon (carbohydrates, protein, fats, DNA, Amino acids)

Question 6

what are autotrophs?

Answer 6

Obtain carbon by fixing CO2

Question 7

what are the essential elements?

Answer 7

DNA/RNA, Amino acids, peptidoglycan

Question 8

what metals are needed for metabolism?

Answer 8

zinc, copper, iron, sulfur

Question 9

what are the coenzymes for metabolism?

Answer 9

NAD and Flavins

Question 10

what are the three sates of media?

Answer 10

liquid, solid, semi-solid

Question 11

what is liquid media?

Answer 11

“broth” inside of a test tube

Question 12

what is solid media?

Answer 12

in a Petri dish
* This requires an agent to solidify
* Agar ~[1.5%]

Question 13

what is semi-solid media?

Answer 13

• Similar to Solid (0.4%-1.0% of agar)
  – Example: Nutrient agar 0.4% ( Motile
  organism vs. non-motile)
• This media will jiggle like Jell-O ®
• Some may contain a Redox indictor
  such as TCC (Triphenyl Tetrazolium
  Chloride)

Question 14

characteristics of an autoclave

Answer 14

• Heat 121°C (HEAT)
• 15 psi (Pressure)
• 15 minutes, more volume will increase time (TIME)

Question 15

always use_____when preparing sterilized media

Answer 15

aseptic technique

Question 16

characteristics of complex media

Answer 16

• Exact chemical constitution of
  the medium is not known
• Wide range of growth

Question 17

characteristics of defined media

Answer 17

• Exact chemical constitution of
  the medium is known
• Are usually composed of pure
  chemicals off the shelf
• Narrow range of growth

Question 18

characteristics of selective medium

Answer 18

s one which has a component(s) added to it which will inhibit or prevent the growth of certain types or species of bacteria and/or promote the growth of desired species.

Question 19

characteristics of differential media

Answer 19

a component(s) is added that allows a researcher to distinguish between different types of bacteria based on some observable trait (color) in their pattern of growth on the medium.

Question 20

what are the four culture techniques?

Answer 20

aseptic technique, pure culture, quadrant streak, isolated colony

Question 21

what is aseptic technique?

Answer 21

– Is a set of specific practices and procedures performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of a pure culture.
– Work area
– Loops and needles
– Test Tubes

Question 22

what is a pure culture?

Answer 22

A culture of a single species, without
contaminants.

Question 23

what is a quadrant streak?

Answer 23

Is a technique, in order to obtain isolated colonies.

Question 24

what is an isolated colony?

Answer 24

– Is the idea, that one bacterial cell will divide, 2,4,8,16,32,64,
, into a visible colony ~10 million cells.
– Each of these cells are the same “clonal”