Isolation Flashcards
Who provides the recommendations to the hospital’s infection control department when new policies are developed?
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
List the 8 factors that precipitate to disease emergence.
- Increased human exposure to vectors in nature
- Population growth and migration to crowded cities
- Rapid international travel and transportation of goods
- Contact with new strains of dangerous pathogens
- Pathogen mutation caused by overutilization of antimicrobial agents
- Breakdowns in public health measures
- Climate change
- Bioterrorism
Identify the 2 causes for the cholera outbreaks in South America and Africa.
- Poor sanitation and insufficient chlorine in water supplies.
Name the disease emergence which was responsible for the 1993 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
- Climate event caused an explosion in deer mice, Hantavirus is contracted by inhaling dust with particles of deer mouse droppings.
List the signs and symptoms of Dengue fever
- High fever
- Headache
- Muscle and joint aches
- Malaise
- Rash
List the reason the influenza virus is so successful
- Mutates readily
In June 2011, a deadly strain of E.coli caused deaths in Germany. Which countries were linked to this strain as well
E. coli O104:H4
Where did the 2014 multi-country outbreak of Ebola occur
- West Africa, primarily in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia
How many days after exposure does the Ebola flu-like signs and symptoms appear in an infected person?
- 2-21 days after exposure
List 3 sources Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) can occur from.
- Contaminated hands of healthcare providers
- Contaminated instruments
- Urinary catheters, ventilators, central lines, surgical sites allow microbes easy access to body
What are 2 practices supporting the spread of multidrug resistant infections?
- Overuse of antimicrobial agents
- Poor infection control practices
What % of patients treated for C.difficile relapse?
20%
How can hepatitis B be transmitted?
- Contact with blood or blood products
- Contact with bodily fluids like saliva, semen, vaginal secretions
- Maternal-fetal contact
- Needlestick
- Nonintact skin contact with a contaminated surface within a week
Which type(s) of hepatitis have the potential to develop into chronic infections and cirrhosis?
- Both hepatitis B and hepatitis C
- Greater risk with HCV
What causes the reactivation of TB and which 3 factors contribute to this reactivation?
- Occurs when immune system is weakened by:
- Malnutrition
- Old age
- Immunosuppressant therapy
