islams: beliefs and teachings Flashcards

Question

what does the Hadith say about Allah?

Answer 1

the unity and oneness of God is called Tawhid. Like Jews and Christians, Muslims believe in one God. The Arabic word for God is Allah, which simply means ‘the (al) God (ilah)

Answer 2

-God created angels to interact with human lives, bringing his divine message. Each Muslim has two guardian angels who record that person’s good and bad action

Answer 3

God has revealed his word to humans in the Qur’an. This tells Muslims all they need to know about how to live their lives. Other inspired scriptures include the Tawrat of Musa (Torah), the Zabur of Dawud (Psalms) and the Injil of Isa (Gospels)

Answer 4

God has spoken through numerous prophets throughout time, including Adam, Nuh (Noah), Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), Isa (Jesus). However, Muhammad is the greatest prophet

Answer 5

Belief in the final judgement and life after death. This life is a preparation for the eternal life that follows. On the last day there will be a time of judgement, when Muslims will have to account for their lives

Answer 6

God is responsible for everything and has set out a divine destiny for all things. God has written down all that has happened and all that will happen in the universe. However, this does not take away human free will

Answer 7

-the jihad and submission to the will of God

Answer 8

Shi’a Islam emphasises the importance of five fundamental principles which are sometimes called the ‘roots of religion’

Answer 9

▶ oneness of God (Tawhid) ▶ justice of God (Adl or Adalah) ▶ prophethood (Nubuwwah) ▶ leadership (Imamate) ▶ resurrection (Qayamat)

Answer 10

1 The oneness of God (Tawhid): There is one God who has no equals; he is a divine unity. He cannot be compared to anyone or anything. He is perfect and unique and he possesses infinite power and knowledge. He is immortal (he was never born) and has no partner or children. He alone should be worshipped

Answer 11

2 The justice of God (Adl or Adalah): God is perfect justice, fairness and wisdom. He does not wrong anyone and he will not tolerate wrongdoing. He cannot abuse his power by performing acts that go against his own nature to be just and fair. Humans must be responsible for their own actions, good or bad

Answer 12

3 Prophethood (Nubuwwah): God has appointed prophets and messengers to guide human beings, showing them how to live in peace and submission to God. According to some Islamic sources, God sent 124,000 prophets; some of these bought God’s divine scriptures with them. Muhammad was the Seal of the Prophets, meaning that he brought the final, perfect and unchanging message from God

Answer 13

4 Leadership (Imamate): Most Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last prophet, who brought the final scripture (the Qur’an) to humanity. Shi’as believe that, after his death, God appointed 12 infallible Imams to guide the Muslim community, leading them on the path set by the Prophet Muhammad. These Imams are part of what Shi’as call Ahl al-Bayt (the Family of the House). In other words, they are part of Prophet Muhammad’s extended household. Of these 12, 11 have been killed. They believe that the 12th (or hidden) Imam is still alive, but is in hiding (occultation), waiting to reappear and rule on earth with justice. They sometimes refer to him as the Mahdi

Answer 14

The belief that, on the Day of Judgement, there will be a resurrection, when all human beings will be physically raised to life to be judged by God. He will reward the good and punish the evil

Answer 15

Tawhid the oneness and unity of God. There is one God (Allah) who is the universal God of all humanity

Answer 16

▶ Immanent: God is always close by. The Qur’an says that God is closer to each one of us than the veins in our necks (50:16). ▶ Transcendent: God is beyond all things, not limited by the rules of nature. ▶ Omniscient:Godhasallknowledge,nothingcanbehiddenfromhim. ▶ Beneficent: God is always kind; he loves us. ▶ Merciful: God is always fair; he forgives us if we are sorry. ▶ Judge: on the last day, God will be our judge. ▶ Creator: God is the beginning; he is the cause of all that exists

Answer 17

-its strictly talks about how muslims should only being able to believe in one God

Answer 18

This is when a person worships something else other than God. There is one God and there can be no pictures to represent him. Muslims must worship the true God, not the image of him, created by human hands. The prophets bring the word of God, but they are only human; God is divine

Answer 19

Islam teaches that, God does not communicate directly with humans, but instead he uses special beings (humans and angels) to carry his message to us

Answer 20

-the fact that we were born with an instinctive need for God -It is the natural spirituality that connects us to our creator, making Muslims aware of God’s presence and drawing them to worship him. This is where our conscience comes from, helping us discern right from wrong

Answer 21

Taqwa is the desire for a personal connection with God. Muslims try to live in a state of taqwa, the awareness of God. The Qur’an refers to taqwa as the highest quality of a Muslim, leading them to show worship and submission to God. Taqwa is often understood as a shield against wrongdoing; it allows Muslims to live as God would want, protecting them from evil

Answer 22

The hanifs rejected idol worship; they believed in one Supreme God, creator of the universe, the God of Ibrahim who had sent revelations to the prophets through the ages

Answer 23

Muslims believe that through history, God has communicated to humans through revelations and the last and greatest of these revelations was given to the Prophet Muhammad -Muslims believe that God chose Muhammad as a prophet because he was a humble, honest man; a man he could trust with such a special message

Answer 24

they believe that Adam and Eve were tempted by the devil to eat fruit of a tree but God has instructed them not to touch or eat the fruit -they both didn't listen, ate the fruit and were banished but Adam confessed his sin and was forgiven , becoming the first prophet. -Muslims believe that Adam was created as God’s ‘khalifah’ (his representative on earth). It was to be his job to rule in the place of God. Tradition says that he built the first Ka’ba in Makkah

Answer 25

is regarded as a hanif

Answer 26

This means that he had an inner knowledge that there is really only one true God. For this reason, he is seen as the greatest of the prophets before Isa (Jesus). He was born into a family of polytheists, but he rejected these beliefs in favour of monotheism and became a Muslim (one who bows down to God)

Answer 27

one of their most important prophets because The teachings of Ibrahim had been forgotten and his book lost, so a new prophet had to be sent. Musa led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and into the Promised Land. Islam teaches that he was given the word of God, known as the Tawrat (Torah), but the people were disobedient and the message became distorted

Answer 28

his name is David The teachings of Ibrahim had been forgotten and his book lost, so a new prophet had to be sent. Musa led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and into the Promised Land. Islam teaches that he was given the word of God, known as the Tawrat (Torah), but the people were disobedient and the message became distorted

Answer 29

isa is their Jesus -Apart from Muhammad, Isa (Jesus) and his mother Maryam (Mary) are the most prominent figures in the Qur’an. It recognises Isa as a prophet and as a successor to Moses. He was given the Injil (Gospel) and he performed miracles. However, Muslims deny the Christian teaching of the Trinity (pages 171–72) and reject the belief that Isa is God. They say God is ‘one’ not ‘three’

Answer 30

The Qur’an teaches that, although it appeared as if Isa (Jesus) had been crucified, in fact he did not die. God could not allow evil men to triumph over his prophet in such a way. Instead, Isa was taken up to heaven and will reappear in the second coming when God judges the world

Answer 31

1. Adam 2. Nuh (Noah) 3. Ibrahim (Abraham) shma’il (Ishmael) Abdul Muttalib Abadullah 6. Muhammad 4. Musa (Moses) Ishaq (Isaac) Yaqub (Jacob) 5. Isa (Jesus)

Answer 32

The Tree of Prophets: Islam teaches that Ibrahim (Abraham) was father to Ishaq (Isaac) and Ishma'il (Ishmael). Musa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus) are descendants of Ishaq. Muhammad is the descendent of Ishma'il.

Answer 33

islam teaches that Muhammad is the last and the greatest prophet, sent by God. He is a role model for Muslims because of the moral and prayerful way he lived his life. Unlike Jesus he performed no miracles; he was born, lived and died an ordinary man, but Muslims see him as the perfect example of a human being

Answer 34

The message Prophet Muhammad brought to the people of Makkah was: ▶ There is one true God, Lord of goodness and power. ▶ We need to show thanks to God through worship. ▶ There will be a judgement day where God will judge our lives

Answer 35

His message, that God is merciful, but that there will also be a Day of Judgement caused many to turn against him and threaten violence.

Answer 36

Prophet Muhammad was welcomed into Yathrib, where he came to be seen not just as a prophet, but also as a political leader and military commander. He became the city’s ruler and it was renamed Madinah (City of the Prophet)

Answer 37

Islam teaches that angels are heavenly, immortal beings, God’s first creation

Answer 38

Angels are immortal close ImmortalTo have the ability to live forever without death. , are made of light and have wings. They are pure and cannot sin.

Answer 39

According to the Qur’an, humans were formed from clay, but angels were made out of light

Answer 40

They are God’s messengers, the channels through which we can become aware of his laws and his purposes in our lives. They are God’s servants and they can take on many forms to carry out his commands, but unlike humans they have no free will

Answer 41

They are without sin and so they are able to enter into God’s divine presence, but they can also communicate with humans

Answer 42

Muslims believe that, although angels are invisible, they exist everywhere, throughout the whole universe. They are never far away and they are always in contact with humans, especially when someone prays or thinks about God

Answer 43

▶ Jibril (Gabriel) is the angel of revelation. He is the archangel who is responsible for revealing the Qur’an to Muhammad and brings messages to God’s chosen ones. ▶ Mika’il (Michael) is the archangel responsible for keeping the devil out of heaven and protecting faithful worshippers. He brings sustenance for the body and soul and rainfall for the earth, to water the land. ▶ Israfil (Raphael) is the archangel who will blow the trumpet on the Day of Judgement to announce the resurrection of all from the dead. ▶ Azrail is the archangel that takes souls at death. ▶ Raqib and Atid are the angels referred to in the Qur’an as the ‘noble recorders’. They sit, one on each shoulder, noting down our good and bad deeds, to be read from the book on the last day. ▶ Munkar and Nakir are the two terrifying, judging angels who will question each person after their death, testing their faith

Answer 44

Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the direct and perfect word of God. Sunni Muslims say that it has always existed and is with God in heaven, written in Arabic on a tablet of stone. The Qur’an introduces itself as being ‘the guidance for the worlds’ (3:96) and Muslims believe that God has sent down this guidance in the form of a book to give a solution to any human problem

Answer 45

▶ Sahifah: the Scrolls of Ibrahim, now lost ▶ Tawrat (Torah): the revelation given to Musa (Moses) ▶ Zabur (Psalms): given to Dawud (David) ▶ Injil (Gospel): the teaching given to Isa (Jesus)

Answer 46

For Muslims, this world, here on earth, is not all that there is. Our human existence will continue after death; our earthly life is just a preparation for the eternal life to come (Akhirah). Our mortal lives are a test and we will be judged according to how we have lived. As humans, we have been given free will, so we are able to make choices about what to believe and how to treat others. We will be held responsible for these thoughts and actions when God comes to judge us on the last day

Answer 47

Islam teaches that, on the Day of Judgement, the dead will be raised from their graves and all people will stand before God to be sentenced according to the way they have lived their lives.

Answer 48

If the person’s good deeds outweigh the bad, then they will receive the book in their right hand and pass into heaven. If it is placed into their left hand, they will be among the damned

Answer 49

God judges each person’s actions, but intentions (niyyah) are also taken into consideration. ▶ If the person has the intention to do a good deed, but was unable to carry it out, this is counted as a good deed. ▶ If they intended and carried out a good deed, this is counted as ten good deeds. ▶ If the person intended a bad deed, but did not do it, that is counted as a good deed. ▶ If they intended and carried out a bad deed, God records that as one bad deed

Answer 50

Key concepts: * Halal * Haram * Prophethood * Shari'ah * Tawhid * Ummah Key teachings about: * the nature of god * angels * the afterlife * the six articles of faith in Sunni Islam * the five roots in Usul ad-Din in Shi’a Islam