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islams: beliefs and teachings Flashcards

1
Q

what is the overview of the islam religion and muslims belief about God?

A

most muslims believe in one God(Allah)
and they worship him because he is the divine creator.Islam teaches that through the centuries their God has revealed his truth to many special people known as prophets

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2
Q

who did God speak to last in special messages which were collected in the Holy Book called Qur’an?

A

prophet Muhammad

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3
Q

why do muslims believe that God has set out laws(Shari’ah)?

A

they believe that God has set out these laws to guide human beings and allow them to live in peace

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4
Q

how many muslims are there in the world?

A

1.6 billion

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5
Q

how many muslims are there in britian today?

A

3 million muslims ,making up 4.5 precent of the whole population in Britain

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6
Q

what is the percentage of sunni muslims in Britain?

A

95 precent

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7
Q

what is the precentage of sh’ia?

A

5 precent

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8
Q

what other sources other than the qur’an do muslims look at?

A

-hadith
-sunnah
-imams
-scholars

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9
Q

what do muslims believe about the qur’an

A

-its the complete book of guidance from God to his people

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10
Q

why do people muslims try to imitate prophet Muhammads life?

A

they are inspired by him and the sunnah (record of all the things he said and has done) because he was so close with their God

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11
Q

why do muslims value the sunnah so highly?

A

-describes the costums, practices and traditions of their prophet
-teaches the right path for muslims

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12
Q

why do muslims value the Hadith so highly?

A

the Hadith is a book which contains his sayings, as recorded by his family and companions. There are different collections of these sayings, each accepted by different Muslim groups

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13
Q

why do muslims follow the Shari’ah law?

A

law sets out the moral and religious rules that Muslims must follow. It puts into practice the principles set out by the Qur’an, the Sunnah and the Hadith, so by following Shari’ah law Muslims can know that they are obeying the will of God

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14
Q

how do muslims know what they are and arnt allowed to do?

A

Shari’ah lays down laws about what is halal (allowable) and what is haram (forbidden). It deals with many everyday topics, setting out rules for Muslims on personal matters like food, clothing, crime, money, sex and relationships

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15
Q

what is the ummah and why is so special?

A

is the worldwide community of Muslims. Within the ummah all Muslims are equal, whatever their language, culture or nationality
-The central belief for Muslims is that there is one God (Allah) who has revealed his divine teachings to the Prophet Muhammad, in the Qur’an

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16
Q

what are the two major splits in islam?

A

sunni and shi’a

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17
Q

what do sunni muslims follow?

A

‘one who follows the Sunnah’

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18
Q

what do shi’a muslims follow?

A

‘from the House of Ali”

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19
Q

what happened to cause the sunni and shi’a split?

A

Soon after the death of Prophet Muhammad a dispute arose over who should lead the emerging Muslim community. Abu Bakr had been a close companion of the Prophet and a large group of believers chose him to become the new Khalifah (leader). After Abu Bakr’s death Umar became the leader, then Uthman and then Ali. These four leaders have come to be known as the Rightly Guided Khalifahs and Sunni Muslims accept that they were God’s appointed leaders.
However, there was a smaller group who believed that Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, should have become the first Khalifah. It was their belief that the Prophet Muhammad had chosen and appointed Ali as his successor and they rejected the leadership of Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman. They were angry that Ali had been overlooked and when Ali was later murdered they began to separate themselves, calling themselves the Shi’a (the House of Ali). They believe that the Prophet Muhammad appointed 12 successors (Imams) from his own descendants, who are known as the Ahl al-Bayt, ‘the Family of the House’ of Muhammad

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20
Q

what do sunnis believe?

A

-religious guidance can only come from God through the Qur’an and the Hadith. Together these holy books form the Shari’ah, Islamic law
-there should be no religious hierarchy. Imams are not holy figures appointed by God , they are simply good teachers and leaders and should be chosen through agreement among the local community

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21
Q

what do Shi’as believe

A

-God guided the Prophet Muhammad to appoint Ali as his successor
-the leadership of the Muslim community has continued through Imams who are divinely appointed from descendants in Muhammad’s family

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22
Q

what was the main sunni and shi’a disagreement?

A

following Prophet Muhammad’s death in 632 CE, the Muslim community needed to decide how to choose a new leader. Shi’as said that his successor could only come from his bloodline
(his close family), while Sunnis looked to those men that the Prophet Muhammad had most trusted while he was alive

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23
Q

what are the six central beliefs, or articles of faith, which define sunni Islams understanding of God?

A

-Allah
-Malaikah
-Holy books (Qur’an)
-Risalah
-Akhirah
-Al-Qadr

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24
Q

where are the six articles of faith found?

A

the Hadith

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25
Q

what does the Hadith say about Allah?

A

the unity and oneness of God is called Tawhid. Like Jews and Christians, Muslims believe in one God. The Arabic word for God is Allah, which simply means ‘the (al) God (ilah)

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26
Q

what does the Hadith say about Malaikah (angel) ?

A

-God created angels to interact with human lives, bringing his divine message. Each Muslim has two guardian angels who record that person’s good and bad action

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27
Q

what does the Hadith say about the Holy book?

A

God has revealed his word to humans in the Qur’an. This tells Muslims all they need to know about how to live their lives. Other inspired scriptures include the Tawrat of Musa (Torah), the Zabur of Dawud (Psalms) and the Injil of Isa (Gospels)

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28
Q

what does the Hadith say about risalah (prophethood) ?

A

God has spoken through numerous prophets throughout time, including Adam, Nuh (Noah), Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), Isa (Jesus). However, Muhammad is the greatest prophet

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29
Q

what does the Hadith say about the Akhirah (afterlife)?

A

Belief in the final judgement and life after death. This life is a preparation for the eternal life that follows. On the last day there will be a time of judgement, when Muslims will have to account for their lives

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30
Q

what does the Hadith say about Al-quadr (Gods pre-destination) ?

A

God is responsible for everything and has set out a divine destiny for all things. God has written down all that has happened and all that will happen in the universe. However, this does not take away human free will

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31
Q

what are other important beliefs in sunni islam?

A

-the jihad and submission to the will of God

32
Q

what does shi’a muslims believe in?

A

Shi’a Islam emphasises the importance of five fundamental principles which are sometimes called the ‘roots of religion’

33
Q

what are the five roots of shi’a islam?

A

▶ oneness of God (Tawhid)
▶ justice of God (Adl or Adalah)
▶ prophethood (Nubuwwah)
▶ leadership (Imamate)
▶ resurrection (Qayamat)

34
Q

what is the Tawhid?

A

1 The oneness of God (Tawhid): There is one God who has no equals; he is a divine unity. He cannot be compared to anyone or anything. He is perfect and unique and he possesses infinite power and knowledge. He is immortal (he was never born) and has no partner or children. He alone should be worshipped

35
Q

what is the Adalah?

A

2 The justice of God (Adl or Adalah): God is perfect justice, fairness and wisdom. He does not wrong anyone and he will not tolerate wrongdoing. He cannot abuse his power by performing acts that go against his own nature to be just and fair. Humans must be responsible for their own actions, good or bad

36
Q

what is the Nubuwwah?

A

3 Prophethood (Nubuwwah): God has appointed prophets and messengers to guide human beings, showing them how to live in peace and submission to God. According to some Islamic sources, God sent 124,000 prophets; some of these bought God’s divine scriptures with them. Muhammad was the Seal of the Prophets, meaning that he brought the final, perfect and unchanging message from God

37
Q

what is the Imamate?

A

4 Leadership (Imamate): Most Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last prophet, who brought the final scripture (the Qur’an) to humanity. Shi’as believe that, after his death, God appointed 12 infallible Imams to guide the Muslim community, leading them on the path set by the Prophet Muhammad. These Imams are part of what Shi’as call Ahl al-Bayt (the Family of the House). In other words, they are part of Prophet Muhammad’s extended household.
Of these 12, 11 have been killed. They believe that the 12th (or hidden) Imam is still alive, but is in hiding (occultation), waiting to reappear and rule on earth with justice. They sometimes refer to him as the Mahdi

38
Q

what is the Qayamat?

A

The belief that, on the Day of Judgement, there will be a resurrection, when all human beings will be physically raised to life to be judged by God. He will reward the good and punish the evil

39
Q

what is the single most important belief in islam?

A

Tawhid the oneness and unity of God. There is one God (Allah) who is the universal God of all humanity

40
Q

muslims believe that God is what because of the Tawhid?

A

▶ Immanent: God is always close by. The Qur’an says that God is closer to each one of us than the veins in our necks (50:16).
▶ Transcendent: God is beyond all things, not limited by the rules of nature.
▶ Omniscient:Godhasallknowledge,nothingcanbehiddenfromhim.
▶ Beneficent: God is always kind; he loves us.
▶ Merciful: God is always fair; he forgives us if we are sorry.
▶ Judge: on the last day, God will be our judge.
▶ Creator: God is the beginning; he is the cause of all that exists

41
Q

what does the Tawhid say about their God?

A

-its strictly talks about how muslims should only being able to believe in one God

42
Q

what is the sin of shirk?

A

This is when a person worships something else other than God. There is one God and there can be no pictures to represent him. Muslims must worship the true God, not the image of him, created by human hands.
The prophets bring the word of God, but they are only human; God is divine

43
Q

how do muslims believe that God communicates with them?

A

Islam teaches that, God does not communicate directly with humans, but instead he uses special beings (humans and angels) to carry his message to us

44
Q

what is the fitrah?

A

-the fact that we were born with an instinctive need for God
-It is the natural spirituality that connects us to our creator, making Muslims aware of God’s presence and drawing them to worship him. This is where our conscience comes from, helping us discern right from wrong

45
Q

what is the Taqwa?

A

Taqwa is the desire for a personal connection with God. Muslims try to live in a state of taqwa, the awareness of God. The Qur’an refers to taqwa as the highest quality of a Muslim, leading them to show worship and submission to God. Taqwa is often understood as a shield against wrongdoing; it allows Muslims to live as God would want, protecting them from evil

46
Q

who were hanifs?

A

The hanifs rejected idol worship; they believed in one Supreme God, creator of the universe, the God of Ibrahim who had sent revelations to the prophets through the ages

47
Q

what is the communication between humans and God called?

A

Risalah

48
Q

what do all muslims believe about their prophethood?

A

Muslims believe that through history, God has communicated to humans through revelations and the last and greatest of these revelations was given to the Prophet Muhammad
-Muslims believe that God chose Muhammad as a prophet because he was a humble, honest man; a man he could trust with such a special message

49
Q

what do muslims believe about the story of Adam and Eve which is written in the Qur’an ?

A

they believe that Adam and Eve were tempted by the devil to eat fruit of a tree but God has instructed them not to touch or eat the fruit
-they both didn’t listen, ate the fruit and were banished but Adam confessed his sin and was forgiven , becoming the first prophet.
-Muslims believe that Adam was created as God’s ‘khalifah’ (his representative on earth). It was to be his job to rule in the place of God. Tradition says that he built the first Ka’ba in Makkah

50
Q

what is Ibrahim regarded as?

A

is regarded as a hanif

51
Q

why is Ibrahim so special?

A

This means that he had an inner knowledge that there is really only one true God. For this reason, he is seen as the greatest of the prophets before Isa (Jesus). He was born into a family of polytheists, but he rejected these beliefs in favour of monotheism and became a Muslim (one who bows down to God)

52
Q

why is muse significant (moses) to muslims?

A

one of their most important prophets because The teachings of Ibrahim had been forgotten and his book lost, so a new prophet had to be sent. Musa led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and into the Promised Land. Islam teaches that he was given the word of God, known as the Tawrat (Torah), but the people were disobedient and the message became distorted

53
Q

who was dawud?

A

his name is David The teachings of Ibrahim had been forgotten and his book lost, so a new prophet had to be sent. Musa led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and into the Promised Land. Islam teaches that he was given the word of God, known as the Tawrat (Torah), but the people were disobedient and the message became distorted

54
Q

who is isa?

A

isa is their Jesus
-Apart from Muhammad, Isa (Jesus) and his mother Maryam (Mary) are the most prominent figures
in the Qur’an. It recognises Isa as a prophet and as a successor to Moses. He was given the Injil (Gospel) and he performed miracles. However, Muslims deny the Christian teaching of the Trinity
(pages 171–72) and reject the belief that Isa is God. They say God is ‘one’ not ‘three’

55
Q

what happened to isa?

A

The Qur’an teaches that, although it appeared as if Isa (Jesus) had been crucified, in fact he did not die. God could not allow evil men to triumph over his prophet in such a way. Instead, Isa was taken up to heaven and will reappear in the second coming when God judges the world

56
Q

the five most important people in islam (prophethood tree)?

A
  1. Adam
  2. Nuh (Noah)
  3. Ibrahim (Abraham)
    shma’il (Ishmael)
    Abdul Muttalib
    Abadullah
  4. Muhammad
  5. Musa (Moses)
    Ishaq (Isaac)
    Yaqub (Jacob)
  6. Isa (Jesus)
57
Q

what does the prophethood tree teach?

A

The Tree of Prophets: Islam teaches that Ibrahim (Abraham) was father to Ishaq (Isaac) and Ishma’il (Ishmael). Musa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus) are descendants of Ishaq. Muhammad is the descendent of Ishma’il.

58
Q

what makes Muhammad so important?

A

islam teaches that Muhammad is the last and the greatest prophet, sent by God. He is a role model for Muslims because of the moral and prayerful way he lived his life. Unlike Jesus he performed
no miracles; he was born, lived and died an ordinary man, but Muslims see him as the perfect example of a human being

59
Q

what was prophet Muhammad’s message?

A

The message Prophet Muhammad brought to the people of Makkah was:
▶ There is one true God, Lord of goodness and power.
▶ We need to show thanks to God through worship.
▶ There will be a judgement day where God will judge our lives

60
Q

What was Muhammad’s message to the people of Makkah?

A

His message, that God is merciful, but that there will also be a Day of Judgement caused many to turn against him and threaten violence.

61
Q

What roles did Muhammad take on when he arrived in Yathrib/Madinah?

A

Prophet Muhammad was welcomed into Yathrib, where he came to be seen not just as a prophet, but also as a political leader and military commander. He became the city’s ruler and it was renamed Madinah (City of the Prophet)

62
Q

what does islam teach about angels?

A

Islam teaches that angels are heavenly, immortal beings, God’s first creation

63
Q

describe what angels looks like to muslims?

A

Angels are immortal close ImmortalTo have the ability to live forever without death. , are made of light and have wings. They are pure and cannot sin.

64
Q

how were angels formed?

A

According to the Qur’an, humans were formed from clay, but angels were made out of light

65
Q

what is an angels purpose?

A

They are God’s messengers, the channels through which we can become aware of his laws and his purposes in our lives. They are God’s servants and they can take on many forms to carry out his commands, but unlike humans they have no free will

66
Q

what are angels without?

A

They are without sin and so they are able to enter into God’s divine presence, but they can also communicate with humans

67
Q

what do muslims believe about angels?

A

Muslims believe that, although angels are invisible, they exist everywhere, throughout the whole universe. They are never far away
and they are always in contact with humans, especially when someone prays or thinks about God

68
Q

what are some of the angles found in the Qur’an and the Hadith?

A

▶ Jibril (Gabriel) is the angel of revelation. He is the archangel who is responsible for revealing the Qur’an to Muhammad and brings messages to God’s chosen ones.
▶ Mika’il (Michael) is the archangel responsible for keeping the devil out of heaven and protecting faithful worshippers. He brings sustenance for the body and soul and rainfall for the earth, to water the land.
▶ Israfil (Raphael) is the archangel who will blow the trumpet on the Day of Judgement to announce the resurrection of all from the dead.
▶ Azrail is the archangel that takes souls at death.
▶ Raqib and Atid are the angels referred to in the Qur’an as the
‘noble recorders’. They sit, one on each shoulder, noting down our
good and bad deeds, to be read from the book on the last day.
▶ Munkar and Nakir are the two terrifying, judging angels who will
question each person after their death, testing their faith

69
Q

what do muslims think about the Qur’an?

A

Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the direct and perfect word
of God. Sunni Muslims say that it has always existed and is with God in heaven, written in Arabic on a tablet of stone. The Qur’an introduces itself as being ‘the guidance for the worlds’ (3:96) and Muslims believe that God has sent down this guidance in the form of a book to give a solution to any human problem

70
Q

what are muslims four Holy books?

A

▶ Sahifah: the Scrolls of Ibrahim, now lost
▶ Tawrat (Torah): the revelation given to Musa (Moses)
▶ Zabur (Psalms): given to Dawud (David)
▶ Injil (Gospel): the teaching given to Isa (Jesus)

71
Q

what do muslims believe about afterlife?

A

For Muslims, this world, here on earth, is not all that there is. Our human existence will continue after death; our earthly life is just a preparation for the eternal life to come (Akhirah). Our mortal lives are a test and we will be judged according to how we have lived.
As humans, we have been given free will, so we are able to make choices about what to believe and how to treat others. We will be held responsible for these thoughts and actions when God comes to judge us on the last day

72
Q

what is the day of judgement?

A

Islam teaches that, on the Day of Judgement, the dead will be raised from their graves and all people will stand before God to be sentenced according to the way they have lived their lives.

73
Q

how does the day of judgement work?

A

If the person’s good deeds outweigh the bad, then they will receive the book in their right hand and pass into heaven. If it is placed into their left hand, they will be among the damned

74
Q

how does God weigh out the good and bad deeds a muslim has committed?

A

God judges each person’s actions, but intentions (niyyah) are also taken into consideration.
▶ If the person has the intention to do a good deed, but was unable to carry it out, this is counted as a good deed.
▶ If they intended and carried out a good deed, this is counted as ten good deeds.
▶ If the person intended a bad deed, but did not do it, that is counted as a good deed.
▶ If they intended and carried out a bad deed, God records that as one bad deed

75
Q

finish page 244-247 of the rs textbook

A
76
Q

overall content for this topic:

A

Key concepts: * Halal
* Haram
* Prophethood * Shari’ah
* Tawhid
* Ummah
Key teachings about:
* the nature of god
* angels
* the afterlife
* the six articles of faith in Sunni
Islam
* the five roots in Usul ad-Din in
Shi’a Islam

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