Islamic Medicine Flashcards
Was the Islamic Empire a single state? Who was it ruled by? What did they provided? What were they interested in?
Yes. Ruled by one man, known as the Caliph. The peace and order needed for medical progress. Many were interested in science and supported Islamic medicine.
Who reigned from 786-809? At this time what did Baghdad become? What did Prophet Muhammad say?
Caliph Harun al-Rashid. The centre for the translation of Greek manuscripts into the language of Islam: Arabic. ‘For every disease, Allah has given a cure’,
Describe the Islamic approach to medicine.
The Islamic empire was a single state ruled by one man, known as the Caliph. Caliphs provided the peace and order needed for medical progress. Many were interested in science and supported Islamic medicine.
During the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786-809), the capital Baghdad became the centre for the translation of Greek manuscripts into the language of Islam: Arabic. The Islamic religion encouraged medical learning. Prophet Muhammad said ‘For every disease, Allah has given a cure’, so scientists were encouraged to discover these cures.
Who stressed the need for careful observation of the patient? What did he write?
Al-Razi. Over 150 books.
Who was Ibn-Sina also known as? What did he write? What did it list and look at?
Avicenna. Wrote an encyclopedia of medicine known as ‘Cannon of Medicine’. 760 different drugs and look at medical problems including anorexia and obesity.
Was human dissection allowed? What did Ibn al-Nafis conclude?
No. That Galen was wrong about how the heart worked.
Describe the Islamic achievements in medicine.
In the Islamic world, there were several achievements in medicine. For example, individuals such as Al-Razi stressed the need for careful observation of the patient and wrote over 150 books. Ibn-Sina, also known as Avicenna wrote an encyclopedia of medicine known as ‘Cannon of Medicine’. It compromised of over a million words and listed medical properties of over 760 different drugs and look at medical problems including anorexia and obesity. Even thought human dissection was not allowed Ibn al-Nafis concluded that Galen was wrong about how the heart worked.
Who had great influence on medicine in Western Europe? How did their discoveries reached Britain?
Rhazes and Avicenna. Their discoveries made it to Britain through the translation of the book ‘Cannon of Medicine’ by Avicenna. These medical ideas reached England through trade as merchants brought new equipment, drugs and books.
What did Al-Zahrawi invent? What happened because of the crusades?
Scalpels, syringe, bone saw, forceps, hooks and needles. English soldiers were being treat by all the new Islamic discoveries so when they went back home the informed people of the impressive treatment they had received and developed medicine in England.
Describe the new discoveries in Islamic Medicine.
New surgical instruments were designed during the period and doctors were keen to challenge the old ideas. However, human dissection was not allowed. Two Muslim doctors, Rhazes and Avicenna, had a great influence on medicine in Western Europe. Their discoveries made it to Britain through the translation of the book ‘Cannon of Medicine’ by Avicenna. These medical ideas reached England through trade as merchants brought new equipment, drugs and books. Al Zahrawi invented the scalpels, syringe, bone saw, forceps, hooks and needles. Crusades were taking place so English soldiers were being treat by all the new Islamic discoveries so when they went back home the informed people of the impressive treatment they had received and developed medicine in England.
What were the new drugs from the Islamic World? What did the Caliph’s library preserve?
Camphor, laudanum, naphtha, and sennna. Hundreds of ancient Greek medical books by Hippocrates and Galen, which were lost to Western Europe during the Dark Ages.
Who was Al-Rashid’s son? What did he do?
Caliph al-Mamun. Developed his father’s library into ‘The House of Wisdom’ - the world’s largest library at the time, and a study centre for scholars.
Describe the preservation of Greek knowledge.
People were encouraged to use the work of Galen and Hippocrates, but Islamic doctors also added their own knowledge. Research included some of the new drugs from the Islamic World such as camphor, laudanum, naphtha, and sennna. The Caliph’s library preserve hundreds of ancient Greek medical books by Hippocrates and Galen, which were lost to Western Europe during the Dark Ages. Al-Rashid’s son, Caliph al-Mamun developed his father’s library into ‘The House of Wisdom’ - the world’s largest library at the time, and a study centre for scholars.
Was profession was the pharmacy? Established by who? What did Al-Biruni say?
An independent, well-defined profession. Early ninth century by Muslim scholars. “Pharmacy became independent from medicine … for it [pharmacy] is an aid [to medicine] rather than a servant.”
Describe the Islamic pharmacy.
The birth of pharmacy as an independent, well-defined profession was established in the early ninth century by Muslim scholars. Al-Biruni states that “pharmacy became independent from medicine … for it [pharmacy] is an aid [to medicine] rather than a servant.”
