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islamic empire Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the Islamic sanctuary dedicated to God, found in Mecca?

A

Kaaba

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2
Q

The first pillar is the basic belief of the Islamic religion, which is
A. the faith in one God
b. the idea that all should take a pilgrimage
c that all Muslims believe in many gods

A

A. the faith in one God

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3
Q

What made it difficult for foreign armies to invade Arabia?

A

It’s desert location

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4
Q

What is the role of a caliph?

A

a successor/leader

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5
Q

The first 4 caliphs were known as

A

the Rightly Guided caliphs.

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6
Q

There are three monotheistic (1 god) religions in the world

A

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

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7
Q

Arabia’s geographic position is at the crossroads of which 3 continents?

A
  1. Africa 2. Europe 3. Asia
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8
Q

Five seas and two gulfs surround the Arab world at the time of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, in CE 570. Name at least 3:

A
  1. Red Seas 2. Arabian Sea 3. Black Sea
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9
Q

What is the main difference between the Sunni and Shia?

A

The main difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims is based on whether or not they believe that Prophet Muhammad explicitly designated a successor.
Sunni = Successors did not have to be related to Muhammad,. Just worthy of the position - like Caliphs.
Shias = had to be related to Mohammad

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9
Q
  1. Which empire is credited with ending the Islamic Golden Age?
A

Mongolian

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10
Q

Who is considered one of the co-founders of algebra?

A

al-Khwarizmi

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10
Q

Who are Rhazes and Ibn Sina and why are they important?

A

two influential Islamic physicians and scholars who lived in the medieval era.

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11
Q

Give two examples of Islamic achievements or contributions that we heard about during
the “Golden Age” presentations, and why they were so important or amazing:

A

Scientists advanced the fields of algebra, calculus, geometry, chemistry, biology, medicine, and astronomy. Many forms of art flourished during the Islamic Golden Age, including ceramics, metalwork, textiles, illuminated manuscripts, woodwork, and calligraphy

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12
Q

There are three monotheistic religions in the world: ____ ,_______, and ____________. What is the main similarity and difference between them?

A

Judaism,Christianity, Islam.

They have 1 god. Different prophets

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13
Q

Blank in shapes and lines that look Like blank
The Dome of the Rock in blank
The blank in Spain
Blank in India

A

Arabesque Flowers or Vine

Jerusalem
Alhambra
Taj Mahal

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14
Q

what are the five pillars

A

shabadah or faith
salab or prayer
zakat or giving
sawn or fasting
hajj or pilgrimgge

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15
Q

a fertile place in a desert where a spring or well provides a water supply

A

oasis

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16
Q

~ moving from place to place, with no fixed home

A

nomadic

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17
Q

~ a Muslim house (building) of worship

A

mosque

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18
Q

~ goods or money given to the poor or needy

A

alms

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19
Q

~ not eating or drinking for a period of time

A

fasting

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20
Q

~ a journey to a sacred place or shrine

A

pilgrimage

21
Q

~ successor; leader of Islam (caliphate = rule by a caliph)

A

caliph

22
Q

~ “holy struggle”, Arab warriors fought (fight) under this banner/principle

A

jihad

23
Q

~ major Islamic sect, about 85% of all Muslims; believe a caliph should be chosen by leaders of Muslim community

A

Sunnis

24
Q

~ largest minority Islamic sect; believe a caliph should only be chosen from Muhammad’s relatives only

A

Shiites (Shia)

25
Q

~ word of God for Muslims, holy book, most sacred text in Islam

A

Qur’an (Koran; Quran)

26
Q

~ a family that holds political power through many generations

A

dynasty

27
Q

~ a written agreement between countries or people

A

treaty

28
Q

~ Muslim ruler (like a king or emperor)

A

sultan

29
Q

~ a religious leader

A

imam

30
Q

~ a tower where a muezzin would call people to prayer

A

minaret

31
Q

~ a religious school

A

madrasa

32
Q

~ woven goods

A

textile

33
Q

~ a marketplace

A

souk

34
Q

~ decorative writing; most sacred Muslim art form

A

calligraphy

35
Q

~ a pattern of curved shapes and lines resembling flowers or vines

A

arabesque

36
Q

~ the Islamic law code; means “the way that leads to God”

A

Sharia

37
Q

Who met in Baghdad to collect and translate great ancient texts and literature to learn and create new works?

A

Scholars

38
Q
  1. Which empire is credited with ending the Islamic Golden Age?
A

Mongolian

39
Q

Which of the following contributed to the end of the Islamic Empire?
A. The Abbasid Dynasty splintered in the 900s leaving an ununited empire.
B. The Christians were fighting the Muslims in the Crusades & from moving into Europe.
C. The Catholics pushed the Muslims out of Spain.
D. All of the above.

A

D. All of the above.

40
Q

Give 2 examples of Islamic achievements or contributions that we heard about during
the “Golden Age”

A

Scientists advanced the fields of algebra, calculus, geometry, chemistry, biology, medicine, and astronomy. Many forms of art flourished during the Islamic Golden Age, including ceramics, metalwork, textiles, illuminated manuscripts, woodwork, and calligraphy.

41
Q

Who are Rhazes and Ibn Sina and why are they important?

A

two influential Islamic physicians and scholars who lived in the medieval era.

42
Q

Who is considered one of the co-founders of algebra?

A

al-Khwarizmi

43
Q

Who was MOhammad

A

The founder of Islam. He was a messenger of god, prophet

44
Q

Koran

A

Muslim holy book (like the bible for Christians)

45
Q

Second pillar of islam

A

Prayer (5x a day)

46
Q

Third Pillar of islam

A

Giving (ALms)

47
Q

Fourth Pillar of Islam

A

fasting (during Ramadan)

48
Q

Fifth pillar of islam

A

pilgrimage to mecca

49
Q

when did Mohammad die

A

632

50
Q

The Dome of the Rock is in

A

Jerusalem

51
Q

The Alhambra is in what COuntry

A

Spain

52
Q

Where is the Taj Mahal

A

India

Humanities (3 decks)

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