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Art History > Islam Vocabulary > Flashcards

Islam Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Koran / Qur’an

A

the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina.

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2
Q

Hadith

A

A collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad

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3
Q

Sunni and Shia Islam

A

Sunni: 85% of muslim population, follow islamic law based on elected people

Shia: dont recognize elected officials - think power should have stayed within mohammed’s family

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4
Q

The 5 Pillars of Islam
(including the shahada
and the hajj)

A
  1. The Shahada: how you convert to islam, the profession of the faith
  2. Salat: prayer 5 times a day - in direction of Mecca
  3. Zakat: almsgiving - giving % of wealth every year to charity/help
  4. Sawn” religious fasting during month of ramadan
  5. The Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
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5
Q

Hijra

A

the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers to the city of Medina in 622

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6
Q

mosque / masjid

A

grand space for a large # of people
5 main parts:
Qibla, Mihrab, Pillared hall, open courtyard, Minaret

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7
Q

qibla

A

qibla wall: walls in direction of Mecca

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8
Q

mihrab

A

Niche in one Qibla wall

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9
Q

muezzin

A

makes the call to prayer

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10
Q

minaret

A

tall towers from where the muezzin makes the call to prayer

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11
Q 
Delhi Sultanates (ca.
1206 – 1526)
A

Mamluk/slave dynasty (1206-1209)

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12
Q

Mamluk/Slave Dynasty

A
  • founded by Qutb Al-Din Aybak

- 1st recognized islamic kingdom

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13
Q

Quwwat al-Islam

A

mosque complex in Dehli

-1st large scale stone mosque in south asia

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14
Q

muqarnas

A

visual expression of the invisible support of god

-corbelled arch

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15
Q

palimpsest

A

a manuscript page from a scroll or book from which the text has been scraped or washed off and which can be used again

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16
Q

The “Great Mughals”

ca. 1526 – 1707

A 
Babur (founder of mughal empire)
Humayun
Akbar the Great
Jahangir
Shah Janan
Aurangzeb
17
Q

charbagh

A

a Persian-style garden layout. The quadrilateral garden is divided by walkways or flowing water into four smaller parts

18
Q

chatri

A

elevated, dome-shaped pavilions used as an element in Indian architecture.
- commonly used to depict the elements of pride and honor in the Rajput architecture of Rajasthan. They are widely used, in palaces, in forts, or to demarcate funerary sites

19
Q

iwan

A

a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open.

20
Q

double dome

A

dome whose two shells have noticeable distances

21
Q

hasht-bihisht

A

famous poem written by Amir Khusro around 1302 AD.

22
Q

chamfered corners

A

The eight “paradises” in the poem link closely with the Islamic conception of Heaven with its eight gates and eight spaces, each one decorated with a special precious stone or material.
Seven of the eight paradises are pavilions constructed for Bahram’s “therapy” of storytelling.
There is also a link to the architectural and garden plan of eight paradises

23
Q

Rajputs

A

a member of the dominant Hindu military caste in northern India

  • different from mughal empire
  • hindu painting style
24
Q

pietra dura

A

the inlay technique of using cut and fitted, highly-polished colored stones to create images.

25
Q

Hamzanama

A

the enormous illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in about 1562.

26
Q

burnishing

A

used on islamic papers
process: at the end of the painting process, it is rubbed with a hard and smooth object to produce a polished surface on the paper.

27
Q

miniature painting

A

small paintings in secular books

  • intended for wealthy/elite
  • meant to go along with text
28
Q

verisimilitude

A

The appearance of being true or real.

29
Q

rubricated

A

important words in texts highlighted by being written in red ink

30
Q

Ramayana term: Ravana

A

antagonist character of the Hindu epic Ramayana

  • hella arms
  • hella legs
31
Q

Ramayana term : Ayodhya

A

an ancient city of India, birthplace of the Hindu avatar Rama, and setting of the epic Ramayana

32
Q

Ramayana term: Ram

A
  • 1st son of the king of ayodhya
  • exiled 14 years in the wild
  • his wife (sita) is taken by ravana, kills ravana and saves Sita, rules w/ her in Ayodhya
33
Q

Ramayana term: Sita

A

Ram’s wife

34
Q

Ramayana term: Hanuman

A

monkey king - heals ram’s brother by bringing him a mountain that has a plant to heal him on it

Art History (4 decks)

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