Islam Test Study Flashcards
Who is Mohammad?
Born in 570 CE in Mecca; Prophet who spoke for God (Allah) and helped create Islam. Migrated to Medina in 622 CE for religious freedom.
Expanded Islamic religion and influenced the Middle East.
What are Bedouins?
Nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula who lived in the desert and demonstrated loyalty to their clans.
What is Mecca?
A cosmopolitan town near the Red Sea, known as Muhammad’s birthplace and a center for pagan worship, which opposed his early message.
Centralized worship with many shrines, including the Kaaba.
What is the Quraysh tribe?
The most powerful tribe in Mecca that controlled the economy and opposed disruptions, including organizing an assassination plan against Muhammad.
Who is Khadija?
A widowed businesswoman from Mecca who hired and married Muhammad, becoming the first Muslim and supporting him in his mission.
What is the Ka’ba?
A temple in Mecca believed to be built by Abraham and Ishmael, repurposed by Muhammad for the worship of Allah.
Attracted merchants and travelers to Mecca.
Who is Allah?
The one God of Islam, believed to have created everything and communicated his will through Muhammad.
Influenced morality and provided guidance to humanity.
What is the Quran?
The central holy text of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God revealed to Muhammad, guiding Muslim beliefs and conduct.
Unites Muslims worldwide.
What are hadith?
Recorded sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad, organized into collections for future generations, clarifying Islamic law and ethics.
What is Medina?
A city near the Red Sea where Muhammad was invited to resolve tribal conflicts, providing a safe haven for Muslims after the Hijra.
Organized the first Islamic state.
What is Hijra?
The migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the birth of the Muslim community and affirming Muhammad’s leadership.
What is Hajj?
An annual pilgrimage to Mecca required for Muslims to participate in at least once in their lifetime, promoting unity and faith.
What is Umma?
The Muslim community formed after the Hijra, acting as a political entity and providing a sense of brotherhood among Muslims.
What is the Pact of Medina?
A treaty establishing mutual rights among Muslims, Jews, and other tribes in Medina under Muhammad’s leadership.
What was the Battle of Badr?
The first major battle in Islamic history where Muslims achieved a victory against the Quraysh, solidifying Muhammad’s leadership.
Marked the beginning of Muslim military victories.
What happened in the Battle of Uhud?
A battle in 623 CE where Muslims faced defeat against Meccans due to disobedience, highlighting the importance of discipline.
What was the Battle of the Moat?
A defensive strategy where Muslims dug a trench around Medina to fend off an attack by the Quraysh, strengthening defenses.
What is Sharia Law?
The Islamic legal system derived from the Quran and Hadith, directing moral and legal aspects of Muslim life.
What is Jihad?
The spiritual and physical struggle in Islam to uphold faith and justice, interpreted differently throughout history.
Who is Abu Bakr?
The first caliph after Muhammad’s death, contributing to the unity of the Muslim community and strengthening early Islam.
Who is Uthman?
The third caliph who standardized the Quran’s text, consolidating Islamic unity during his caliphate.
Who is Omar?
The second caliph who expanded Islamic territories and established influential systems and policies.
Who is Ali?
The fourth caliph and cousin of Muhammad, known for his wisdom and leadership, strengthening Islamic principles.
Who is Fatima?
The daughter of Muhammad, admired for her devotion and strength, contributing to Islamic history.
