islam Test Flashcards
Ka’baa
mecca = originally a settlement located around a shrine called Ka’ba housed a black stone
- believed to have been brought to earth by archangel Gabriel and delivered to Abraham
- now the holiest site in Islam where believers are required to make the pilgrimage once in a lifetime
Hegira
after Meccans spurned his teachings as they threatened the upper classes and jeopardized their income from trade
- pilgrimaged in fear for his life he fled mecca (622) to medina (city of enlightenment)
hegira = beginning of Muslim calendar
- M. returned in 630 and destroyed all idols of paganism
Islam / Muslim
M. hated the low morals of Mecca
- went to a cave and experienced revelation
- archangel Gabriel told him that man was = a creature of God and subservient to Him
- continued revelation became the basis of the Koran = formation of Islam
- the birth of Islam (submit to God) Muslims = those who submit to god
Islamic fundamentalist
fundamentalist urge to ancient Islamic society while moderates encourage an emphasis on Islam as a principle factor in public life fundamentalist movements resurrect the past in face of internal or external crises and seek a return to orthodoxy/Puritanism = salvation
- freedom from external threats internal disarray
-Islamic resurgence by people who suffer political, economic, and social crises that they cannot change. They are presented. dispossessed. Impotent, and angry.
Shi’te
Those who believes that the bloodline dictates the prophets
- succession = hereditary
- Majority of Iran/iraq
Sunnis
The majority believe tribal customs and elders, choose leaders, according to prestige and power
- orthodox
- Majority throughout the world except for Iran and Iraq
Sharia Law Islamic Canon Law
- (path to the watering hole)
- Sets forth penalties for crimes and offenses adultery = stoning
- beheading theft = amputation (no anesthetic)
- no ham or pork
no wine or intoxicating beverages
up to four wives (equally supported)
Friday afternoon= communal prayer
day of judgment = heaven or hell
Who was M. and how did he establish Islam?
- Orphaned at 6, grandfather/uncle guardian
- married Khadija - a rich older business women
- hated the low morals of Mecca
- went to a cave and experienced revelation around 610
- archangel Gabriel told him that men = creatures of God and subservient to him
- became the basis of the Koran
- Hegira info…
- striving for well being of Islam and Muslims - M. died in 632 (poisoned?)
Five Pillars
- Confession of Faith
- Prayer 5x a day facing mecca
- Alms
- Fast
- Pilgrimage
Islam as a Unifier
A way of life and religion
- identity, habits, and attitudes come from Islam’s common heritage and tradition reinforced by most Muslim nations dominated by Euro Colonialism.
- Islam is a system of values, norms, and beliefs
- that permeates all political, economic, social, and cultural life.
Reasons for western Hostility
- Islam is stereotyped as foreign, exotic, strange, and sinister
- Islam conquered parts of Euro, in the Missle Ages and threatened areas for several centuries (Spain, Sicily, E. Europe)
- Crusades between 11th and 13th centuries deepened hostility
- Recent revivals of Islam to break from legacy or western colonialism example = overthrow of the Shah of Iran to est. independence from the West in 1978-1979
Describe the impact of modernization and how it affected the “old order” of Islam
Islamic counties emerging from colonialism has to borrow $$
- after independence, adopted Western systems of industrialization, urbanization, technology, constitutionalism
- a gradual dismantling of the old order
- Turkey= fully secular and Islamic. Where the Islamic role is clear, it is difficult to separate religious from secular
- Islamic leaders rationalized that Islamic canon should not be literal they modified Islamic doctrine to accommodate modernization
- Fundamentalists view this modern interpretation as heretical and corrupt. Moral laxity, breakdown of Islamic codes, widened gap b/t rich minority and poor living in squalor; no hope of changing system
