Islam - practices Flashcards
what are the five pillars of Islam and name them
the main principles and beliefs of Islam
- Shahada - declaration of faith
- Salah - prayer
- Zakah - charitable giving
- swam - fasting
- Hajj - pilgrimage
what is amr - bil - maruf
what is nahi - anil - munkar
encouraging people to do good
discouraging people to do what is wrong
what is tawakkah and tabarra
to be loving toward everyone
disassociating from the enemies of god
what are the ten obligatory acts
- salah
- sawn
- kakah
- khums
- hajj
- jihad
- amr - bil - maruf
- nahi - anil - munkar
- tawakkah
- tabarra
what are the practices of shahada
reciting a statement in front of Muslim witnesses is the only requirement for joining Muslim community
when a baby is first born it is the first thing they hear
included in daily prayer
last words before they die
why is there an extra phrase added to the shahada for Shia Muslims
demonstrates their belief that Muhammed’s cousin was the true successor of God
what is Salah and what is the difference in salah in Shia and Sunni Muslims
Sunni Muslims are required to pray five times a day and worked out from sunrise to sunset
Shia Muslims combine the midday pray and afternoon prayer so they only pray 3 times a day
how do Muslims prepare for prayer and why is it important
ensure they are spiritually clean and is achieved by wudu ( ritual washing)
what is the direction Muslims must pray in
in the direction of the Holy city of Makkah
what is Rak’ah
a set sequence of actions in prayer
explain the process of the first and second Rak’ah
first - standing recite first chap from Quran
and bow reciting Arabic
second - stand up and recite to praise god, kneel with forehead, nose, hands, knees and toes touching floor. sit whilst reciting
what is the Jummah prayer and what is expected from Muslims
the midday prayer every friday
- all male Muslims are expected to attend mosque for this prayer
how is prayer completed at home
Muslims are able to compleate prayer at home yet they must perform Wudu before, use a prayer mat and face Makkah
what is the significance of prayer
- unites Muslims worldwide as they all pray the same way
- the actions of bowing and reciting remind them that God is more important than they are
- god has commanded them and creates greater awareness of God
what is Ramadan and why is it celebrated
ninth month of the Islamic calendar and they believe that it was during Ramadan that the Quran started to be revealed to Muhammed
explain the timings of fasting
fast during daylight hours for the whole month
they get up everyday before sunrise and eat and drink. they fast until sunset and the fast is then broken and they can eat until sunrise the next day
what is the night of power festival, when is it and what do Muslims do
important festival which marks the beginning of the reveal to Muhammed
- date in the second half in Ramadan where Muslims stay up all night to devote themselves to prayer and studying the Quran
what is Zakah
giving 2.5% of Muslim’s savings to charity to help the poor if they can afford
what is the importance of giving Zakah
- Muslims acknowledging that everything they own come from God and belongs to him
-it frees people from desire and teaches self discipline and honesty - good attitude toward money
- strengthen the community
where is Zakah given to
can be given to a charity or put in a collection box in the Mosque to be given to the poor
what is Khums
practice in Shia Muslims in addition to giving Zakah
- 20% tax paid by Shia Muslims on their excess income
what is a hajj
a pilgrimage made at least once during a Muslims lifetime if they are healthy and wealthy enough to do so.
what is the origins of Hajj
prophet Ibrahim was told by God to take his wife and son to the desert and leave them on their own with some supplies and water. these ran out and they suffered from dehydration and hunger. wife ran up hills looking for help but she collapsed, started to pray to God. son stuck his foot in ground and water came out. traded water for supplies. Ibrahim returned God told him to shrine dedicated to him (ka’aba)
what are the steps of how Hajj is performed
- enter a state where they perform rituals, wash, pray, and dress modestly in white clothing
- circle Ka’aba seven times
- travelling to Arafat
- standing at Arafat ( spend day praying under hot sun)
- throwing stones at Mina (represent the devil and temptation)
- return to Makkah
what is the significance of Hajj
- become more aware God is watching them
- teaches sincerity
- shows self discipline
- emphasises equality
- forgiveness of sins
- reminds Muslims of their faith and examples set by prophets
what is Jihad
struggling against evil
what is the difference between greater jihad and lesser jihad
greater jihad is the personal inward struggle of all Muslims to live with the teachings of faith
lesser jihad is the outward threat to defend Islam from threat
what is the Holy War and the Criteria
- an example of lesser jihad
- declared by a fair religious leader
- not be used to make people convert to Islam
- must be in response to a threat of faith
- not be used to gain wealth
- must be last resort using peaceful methods first
what is the Id - ul - fitr festival
the festival of breaking fast
mark the ending of Ramadan
thanking God for the strength to fast for a month
how is it Id - ul - fitr celebrated
gather together is mosques, large areas to say prayers, best clothes, decorated homes, special foods
what is Id - ul - Adah
the festival of sacrifice or greater Eid
remembers the prophet Ibrahim and how he was willing to sacrifice his own son on Gods command
how is Id - ul - Adah celebrated
gather in mosques or large areas to say special prayers
what is Ashura and who celebrates them and why
Major Shia Muslim festival which is a day of mourning, commemorating the day of the killing of Imam Hussein, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad
Sunni Muslims also observe yet refer to when people were freed from slavery in Egypt
others remember it as the day Noah left the ark after the flood
how is the day of Ashura celebrated
Shia Muslims - public expression of grief and mourning, beat themselves on the back with chains, cut themselves to connect with the death of Muhmmad grandson
re enactments of his death
British Muslims believe they should donate blood
Sunni Muslims believe they should give to charity, show kindness to family etc
