Islam Midterm

Question 1

Tawhid

Answer 1

meaning the oneness

Question 2

Zakat

Answer 2

obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes

Question 3

Shahadah

Answer 3

the Muslim profession of faith (“there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”).

Question 4

Rasul

Answer 4

A Rasul was a messenger of Allah who was given a new Shariat (codes of law) from Him.

Question 5

Fatwa

Answer 5

In Islam, there are four sources from which Muslim scholars extract religious law or rulings, and upon which they base their fatwa. The first is the Quran, which is the holy book of Islam, and which Muslims believe is the direct and literal word of God, revealed to Prophet Mohammad.

Question 6

Hijab

Answer 6

is a veil that covers the head and chest, which is particularly worn by some Muslim women

Question 7

Hijra

Answer 7

migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib

Question 8

Hajj

Answer 8

is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims

Question 9

Islam

Answer 9

means submission or surrender

Question 10

Fana

Answer 10

means “to die before one dies” and represents a breaking down of the individual ego and a recognition of the fundamental unity of God, creation, and the individual self.[1] Persons having entered this enlightened state obtain awareness of the intrinsic unity

Question 11

Imam

Answer 11

the person who leads prayers in a mosque

Question 12

Halal

Answer 12

meat prepared as prescribed by Muslim law

Question 13

Ummah

Answer 13

the whole community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion

Question 14

Salat

Answer 14

the ritual prayer of Muslims, performed five times daily in a set form

Question 15

Sunnah

Answer 15

is the verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions (or disapprovals) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad

Question 16

Sufism

Answer 16

the mystical system of the Sufis.

Question 17

Shia

Answer 17

one of the two main branches of Islam, followed especially in Iran, that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad’s first true successor.

Question 18

Hadith

Answer 18

Islam. a traditional account of things said or done by Muhammad or his companions.

Question 19

Ulama

Answer 19

a body of Muslim scholars recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.

Question 20

Ramadan

Answer 20

is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar. It is a time when Muslims around the world focus on prayer, fasting, giving to charity, and religious devotion.

Question 21

Jihad

Answer 21

The internal struggle of being a good muslim

Question 22

Masjid

Answer 22

mosque in Medina, which is now known as the Masjid

Question 23

Sunni

Answer 23

the Muslims of the branch of Islam that adheres to the orthodox tradition and acknowledges the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad

Question 24

Sharia

Answer 24

Islamic canonical law based on the teachings of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet

Question 25

Kaaba

Answer 25

a small stone building in the court of the Great Mosque at Mecca that contains a sacred black stone and is the goal of Islamic pilgrimage and the point toward which Muslims turn in praying

Question 26

Caliph

Answer 26

a successor of Muhammad as temporal and spiritual head of Islam

Question 27

Jinn

Answer 27

Supernatural genies

Question 28

Wahhabi

Answer 28

The Wahhabis, founded in the 18th century, are the most conservative Muslim group and are today found mainly in Saudi Arabia.

Question 29

Quran

Answer 29

the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic

Question 30

Shaykh

Answer 30

an Arab leader, in particular the chief or head of an Arab tribe, family, or village

Question 31

Mufti

Answer 31

a Muslim legal expert who is empowered to give rulings on religious matters

Question 32

Mahdi

Answer 32

is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven, nine, or nineteen years (according to differing interpretations)[1] before the Day of Judgment (yawm al-qiyamah / literally, the Day of Resurrection)[2] and will rid the world of evil.[3]

Question 33

Surah

Answer 33

is a chapter of the Qur’an

Question 34

Mullah

Answer 34

a Muslim learned in Islamic theology and sacred law

Question 35

5 Pillars of Islam

Answer 35

1.1 Shahada: Faith. 1.2 Salat: Prayer. 1.3 Zakāt: Charity. 1.4 Sawm: Fasting. 1.5 Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca.

Question 36

Muhammed

Answer 36

The first and most important prophet sent by god to guide the people

Question 37

Fatimah

Answer 37

is the youngest daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Fatimah is a vital character in the religion of Islam and is considered a role model for all Muslim women.

Question 38

Ali

Answer 38

was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, ruling over the Islamic caliphate from 656 to 661. Ali is important to various Sunni and Shia denominations politically, legislatively and spiritually.

Question 39

Husayn

Answer 39

Son of Ali. Husayn is highly regarded by Shia Muslims because he refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid I,[11] the Umayyad caliph, because he considered the rule of the Umayyads unjust.[11] The annual memorial for him, his family, his children and his companions is called Ashura (tenth day of Muharram) and is a day of mourning for Shia Muslims. His action at Karbala fuelled the later Shia movements.[10]

Question 40

Elijah Muhammed

Answer 40

Elijah Muhammad was an African-American religious leader, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali, and his son, Warith Deen Mohammed