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Islam BTP Flashcards

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1
Q

How is Muhammad different to Jesus?

A

Muhammad was a normal human, whereas Jesus was divine.

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2
Q

How is the Qu’ran structured?

A

The Qu’ran is made up of verses called ayahs.

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3
Q

Leaders of Shi’ah Islam

A

Mujtahid

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4
Q

Leaders of Sunni Islam

A

Imams

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5
Q

What are other sources of authorities in Islam, apart from the Qur’an?

A
  • The Sunna records the actions of Prophet Muhammad.
  • The Hadith records his sayings and teachings.
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6
Q

What do Muslims look at as a guidance for how they should live their lives? Quote

A
  • Muslims look at the example set by the Prophet Muhammad, as he was a perfect and flawless human being.
  • “Indeed, you [O Muhammad] are of a great moral character.” (Quran 68:4).
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7
Q

What is Shari’a law?

A

A set of laws for Muslims to follow, made by Muslim lawyers, with reference to the Qu’ran, Hadith, and the Sunna.

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8
Q

What is the most holy place for Muslims?

A

The Grand Mosque in Makkah. Muslims should visit there, at least once, in their lives, on pilgrimage (Hajj) if they can.

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9
Q

What is the Qu’ran?

A

Holy book of Islam. It a source of authority for Muslims, as it is believed to be the true word of God, exactly as it was given to Muhammad.

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10
Q

What percentage of the population of Muslims is Sunni and Shi’a?

A
  • 85% of Muslims are Sunni
  • 15% of Muslims are Shi’a
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11
Q

Six Articles Of Faith

A
  1. Tawhid (Oneness of Allah)
  2. Mala’ikah (Belief in the Angels of Allah)
  3. Kutubullah (Belief in the Books of Allah)
  4. Rusuul (Belief in the Prophets and Messengers of Allah)
  5. Al-Akhirah (Belief in the Afterlife, and a Last Day of Judgement)
  6. Al-Qad’r (Belief in predestination)
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12
Q

What does the word ‘Islam’ itself mean?

A

Islam means ‘Submission’, which refers to the ‘Submission to the will of God’.

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13
Q

Who was Muhammad?

A

Muhammad was the final prophet of Islam.

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14
Q

Why did the two sects of Islam begin in the first place?

A
  • After Muhammad died, people disagreed as to who should be his successor.
  • Sunni Muslims believe that Abu Bakr, Muhammad friend and father-in-law was the true successor.
  • Shi’a Muslims believe Muhammad identified Ali as the successor, as he was the first of Twelve Imams who led the faith.
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15
Q

Which sect of Islam believes in The Six Articles Of Faith?

A

Sunni Islam

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16
Q

Tawhid & Quote

A
  • Belief in the oneness of Allah, and the supremacy of Allah’s will.
    “Say: He is Allah, the One and Only…”
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17
Q

Kutubullah and quote

A
  • The belief about the books of Allah.
    “A Book We have sent down to thee, full of blessing…”
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18
Q

Rusuul and quote

A
  • Belief in the prophets and messengers of Allah.
    “Verily, We have sent thee (O Muhammad) with the Truth…”
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19
Q

Al-Qadar and quote

A
  • Belief in predestination
    “Verily, we have created all things with Qadar.”
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20
Q

5 roots of Islam name

A

Usul ad-Din

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21
Q

Which sect of Islam rests on Usul ad-Din?

A

Shi’a Islam

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22
Q

State the five principles of Usul ad-Din

A
  1. Al-Tawhid (Belief in the oneness and unity of God).
  2. Al-Adl (Belief in Divine Justice).
  3. Al-Nubuwwah (Belief in Prophethood)
  4. Al-Imamah (Belief in Imams)
  5. Al-Ma’ad (Belief in The Day of Resurrection)
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23
Q

What things do both Sunni and Shi’a Muslims believe in?

A
  • Oneness of Allah
  • Prophethood
  • The Day Of Judgement
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24
Q

Abu Bakr was the first….

A

Caliph (Successor)

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25
Q

Who are Imams in Sunni Islam?

A

Imams in Sunni Islam lead prayers in the mosque.

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26
Q

Who are Imams in Shi’a Islam? What is their role?

A
  • Imams are the successors of Muhammad, and Shi’a Muslims believe the first 12 Imams chosen by Allah are infallible.
  • They interpret the Shari’ah law and explain any issues arising from it.
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27
Q

What do Shi’a Muslims believe about the 12th Imam?

A
  • They believe that the first 11 Imams were martyred, and the 12 Imam is believed to be in occultation, waiting to reappear.
  • They believe he is still a living breathing human, so they can speak to him.
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28
Q

What sign will there be of the reappearance of the 12th Imam? Where will the Imam appear?

A
  • The Second Coming of Prophet Isa.
  • He will appear in Makkah, at the Kaaba.
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29
Q

Al-Adl

A
  • Allah is always perfect and acts in a way that is morally right.
  • What is right and wrong is objective.
  • On the day of judgement people are judged. The wicked are sent to hell, the righteous to heaven.
  • There is no such thing as pre-destination (unfair to
    those who go to hell argument).
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30
Q

Tawhid (Properties of Allah)

A
  • Allah is eternal. He is infinite, without a start or end.
  • Allah is was not created, and cannot be destroyed.
  • Allah is omnipotent and omniscient.
  • Allah is merciful and benevolent.
  • Allah is transcendent (unbound) and immanent (present and active).
  • Allah is just.
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31
Q

What does Tawhid mean for Muslims? What is shirk?

A
  • Allah has knowledge of everything, so Muslims will not sin.
  • Praising any other deity is the sin of shirk.
  • Placing anything above Allah is idolatry, the sin of shirk, the worst of all sins.
  • The Christian understanding of the trinity is completely wrong.
  • Polytheistic religions are condemned in the Qur’an.
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32
Q

Why do some Sunni Muslims believe that Shi’a Muslims don’t fully believe in tawhid?

A

Shi’a Muslims believe in the Twelve Imams, who have special characteristics and are often seen as semi-divine.

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33
Q

Quote for Allah’s Mercy (Surah 1)

A

“In the name of Allah, the entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.”

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34
Q

Quotes for the oneness of God (Tawhid)

A

“God has not taken to Himself any other son, nor is there any god with Him.”.

“Say: He is Allah, the One and Only.”

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35
Q

Quote for Allah being eternal

A

“Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He did not give birth nor was he born.”

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36
Q

Quote for Allah’s omnipotence

A

“Allah is the Creator of everything. He is the guardian over everything.”

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37
Q

What did prophets do and how many are there?

A
  • A prophet was sent by Allah to teach, guide, and train people to follow him. They are immensely significant to Muslims.
  • There are 25 prophets.
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38
Q

Why do Muslims believe Muhammad is the last prophet?

A
  • Muslims believe that Muhammad was the final prophet, as he is referred to in the Qur’an as the “Seal of the Prophets.”
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39
Q

What books were revealed to prophets? Who revealed them?

A
  • The Qur’an. Revealed to Muhammad
  • The Tawrat (Torah). Revealed to Moses
  • The Zabur (Psalms). Revealed to David
  • The Injil (Gospel). Revealed to Jesus
  • Suhuf Ibrahim (Scrolls of Abraham). Revealed to Abraham
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40
Q

Which of the books has the most authority? Why?

A
  • The Qur’an, as it is the literal, exact, and unchanged word of Allah.
  • The other books were written down after the death of the prophets, so their contents are distorted, and their words are mixed with humans.
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41
Q

Why do Shi’as argue against Al-Qad’r?

A

According to them, humans have free will which is why Allah can judge them. It would be wrong for Allah to send humans to hell for actions that Allah has determined himself.

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42
Q

Quote that Allah is fair and just

A

“The matter will be judged between them with justice, and they will not be wronged”.

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43
Q

What is the story of Adam in Islam? What does Adam mean?

A

Adam means man in Arabic. Adam was the first man created, and the first prophet of Islam. He is the vicegerent of Earth. He was made out of clay and water, and Allah breathed life into him.

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44
Q

When Allah told the Angels he was going to create Adam, what did they say?

A

The angels questions whether imperfect humans being placed was a good idea. They said, “Will you place therein such as will cause disorder in it or shed blood?”

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45
Q

Who is Iblis? What happened to Iblis?

A

Iblis, is a Jinn, known now as Satan. He refused to bow to Adam, as he believed himself better than Adam. Allah expelled Iblis from his presence, and for this reason, Iblis seeks to misguide Adam and all his descendants.

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46
Q

(ISLAM) Who was Eve? Why were Adam and Eve banished from heaven?

A
  • Eve was made to live with Adam in Jannah.
  • Iblis temped Adam and Eve into eating from the forbidden tree, so they were banished to Earth. All humans descended from Adam and Hawwa (Eve).
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47
Q

What is the importance of Ibrahim as a prophet? Quote about his relationship with Allah

A
  • He is the father of monotheism, and the father of the Arab people.
  • In his time, people practised idolatry, and he denounced idol worship in Babylon.
  • He only worshipped one God, and is called a ‘hanif’ (person who existed before Muhammad and was fully committed to worshipping only one God)
  • Allah tested his devotion, by telling him to sacrifice his son, Ishmail, and he was ready to sacrifice his son for Allah.
  • He is a friend of Allah, “And Allah took Abraham for a friend”.
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48
Q

What is the importance of Ishmail as a prophet?

A
  • He was the son of Prophet Abraham.
  • He was a blessing from Allah to Ibrahim.
  • He rebuilt the Ka’ba.
  • From him descended the Prophet Muhammad and the Ishmaelite tribe.
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49
Q

What is the importance of Musa as a prophet, and give a quote!

A
  • He was an Israelite who escaped death as a child from the pharaoh.
  • He accidentally killed someone and had to flee.
  • Allah brought him to release the Israelites.
  • He was given the torah and ten commandments .
  • “He was an honourable person in the sight of god”.
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50
Q

What is the importance of Dawud as a prophet?

A
  • He was a prophet and king of Israelites after killing goliath.
  • He was given the psalms to guide the people of Israel.
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51
Q

What is the importance of Isa (Jesus) as a prophet?

A
  • He revealed the Injils (gospels).
  • He will return at the end of time.
  • He performed many miracles in his life such as raising people from the dead.
  • He foretold the coming of the prophet Mohammad.
  • Sunni Muslims believe he is the Messiah.
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52
Q

Quote for why people look to Muhammad as an example

A

“Certainly you have in the Messenger Of God an excellent example…”

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53
Q

Why do Muslims believe that it is best to read the Qur’an in arabic?

A

The Qur’an is only the true word of God when it is in Arabic, as it was given to Muhammad in Arabic. Any translations of the Qur’an is seen as an interpretation.

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54
Q

Miracle involving Ishmail in the desert

A

When food and water ran out, miraculously water sprung where Ishamil kicked his heel.

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55
Q

Hadith quote fir why some Muslims only look at the Qur’an and Sunnah as a source of authority?

A

In his last sermon, Prophet Muhammad said “I leave behind me two things, the Qur’an, and my example the sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray.”

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56
Q

Quotes for Muhammad as guidance (gift from Allah), and an example

A
  • “Certainly you have in the messenger of Allah an excellent example.”
  • “He has sent his messenger with the guidance.”
57
Q

Where was Muhammad born and who raised him?

A

Muhammad was born in Makkah and raised by his uncle Abu Talib.

58
Q

Who revealed what book to Muhammad? What is this day called?

A
  • The Qur’an was revealed by the angel Jibril.
  • Angel Jibril miraculously made Muhammad remember it all, even though Muhammad had never learnt to read/write.
  • This night is known as the night of power. (Laylat al-Qadr)
59
Q

What else do Shi’a Muslims look too as a source of authority?

A
  • Shi’a Muslims can also refer to the hadith of Ali, who they believe was the first Imam after Muhammad.
60
Q

What do Shi’a Muslims believe about Muhammad being the last prophet and the 12 imams?

A

Shia believe he is the seal but also that the 12 imams receive divine inspiration from God.

61
Q

Differences in understanding of the Qur’an being eternal

A
  • Most Muslims believe Qur’an is eternal and has always existed but maybe not in written form.
  • Shi’a Muslims do not believe it is eternal - it is the essence of god and can be added to by Imams.
62
Q

Belief in Al Qadr (Foreknowledge and Tablet)

A
  • Allah has planned everything and has foreknowledge (ilm) of all things.
  • He has wrote it all on Al-Lawh al-Mahfuz (preserved tablet).
  • Nothing can be changed unless Allah wills it.
63
Q

Islamic schools of thought on Al-Qadr

A
  • Jabariyyah believe that Allah has determined all actions and there is no free will. (Raises issues of benevolence/mercy of Allah).
  • The mut’Alizah (eight century) believe that there is no predestination and only free will that will be judged on the DoJ by al-Adl.
64
Q

Shia belief on predestination (Quote)

A
  • Shia believe in partial freewill. Allah has full knowledge of all things but can change anything when he wants. Human can also change things
  • “Allah will not change the condition of the people until they change what is in themselves.”
65
Q

Sunni predestination and 2 Quotes

A
  • Allah already knows what decisions humans will make.
  • The honourable scribe (two angles on either shoulder) writes down a person’s actions) writes down every good or bad deed and this decides punishment or reward.
  • “Nothing will happen to us except what Allah has decreed for us.”
  • “Verily, we have created all things with Qadar.”
66
Q

When will people be judged? (Arabic name) How are people judged?

A
  • The afterlife will happen on a day of Allah’s choosing to be Yawm Al-Qiyamah (DoJ).
  • Where every soul will be judged based on how they followed Allah and the guidance left by Allah (Qur’an and example set by Prophet Muhammad).
67
Q

Barzakh

A
  • A state of waiting for a soul, between a person’s death and the Day of Judgement.
  • Some believe a soul is given a temporary body, which is light or dark, to reflect their punishment and final judgement.
68
Q

Difference in beliefs for how the Day of Judgement occurs (Sunni/Shia)

A
  • Sunnis believe Isa will reappear, he will unite true Muslims or lead a battle until Islam is left
  • Shias believe the twelfth imam will return as the messiah. Those who died believing in Allah and Rasulullah will go to paradise, those who didn’t will go to Jahannam (but will have a chance of paradise).
69
Q

What happens on the Day of Judgement? What is the bridge? Who is exempt from crossing this bridge?

A
  • Allah will recreate the decayed bodies of everyone that has ever lived.
  • Bridge of Sirat will be crossed, except those who died as warriors or those who were enemies of Islam.
  • Sinners will be weighed down by sins and fall into Jahannam.
70
Q

Quote for the belief in Day Of Judgement

A
  • It says in the Quran, “Verily, the hour [Day of Judgement] is surely coming.”
71
Q

Describe what Jannah (Heaven) is like. How many levels are there?

A
  • Jannah is the final abode for the righteous.
  • Contains gardens, and “divine pleasure”.
  • A person’s reward of pleasure will vary according to the righteousness of the person.
  • It contains 8 gates for different good deeds.
72
Q

3 Quran Quotes about Jannah, and why Muslims would want to go there.

A
  • It is the “final home”.
  • It a place of “constant peace”.
  • It has “gardens of everlasting bliss”.
73
Q

What is the difference between punishment for people in Jahannam?

A
  • For sinful believers it is a place of purification and reformation.
  • For non believers it is a place of eternal punishment.
74
Q

Quote for Jahannam (Hell)

A

It is a place “almost bursting with fury”.

75
Q

Muslim belief that Heaven and Hell is a metaphor.

A
  • Some Muslims believe that the description of Heaven and Hell in the Qur’an are metaphors, and that they are actually not like that, but rather beyond human comprehension.
  • Only very few Muslims believe this.
76
Q

Martyrdom & Extremism. Quotes for and against. (Extremist views)

A
  • Extremists have used teachings on martyrdom to justify suicide bombings in the name of religion and Jihad.
  • “Let there be no compulsion in Islam”. This shows Muslims that Islam is not to be forced on anyone.
  • “Do not think of those who were killed in the way of Allah as dead, rather they are alive with their lord”.
77
Q

What is Martyrdom? What happens to Martyrs?

A
  • Death whilst defending faith.
  • People who die this way immediately go to heaven.
78
Q

Angels

A
  • Created from Nur (divine light).
  • They are completely obedient to Allah, so incapable of sin.
  • They are immortal and do not have human needs, like sleep.
  • It is through them Allah communicates with his messengers on Earth.
  • They record all a human does and says, ready for the DoJ.
79
Q

Angel Jibril (Gabriel)

A
  • The Chief Angel.
  • Revealed the Qur’an to Muhammad.
  • Sometimes takes the shape of a man when appearing on Earth.
  • Muhammad described Jibril as having 600 wings which covered the entire sky.
80
Q

Angel Izra’il

A
  • The Angel of Death.
  • Ends each person’s life by taking their final breath.
  • Responsible for separating a human’s soul from their body.
81
Q

Angel Mika’il

A
  • The Guardian of Heaven
  • Sends rain, thunder, and lightning to Earth by the command of Allah (according to Muhammad).
82
Q

Why is belief in Angels importance for Muslims? (Quote)

A

“Say: Whoever is an enemy to Allah and his angels… Allah is an enemy to…”

83
Q

Angel Israfil

A
  • The Day of Judgement Angel.
  • He blows the trumpet to announce the DoR.
  • His lips are ready by the trumpet to sound it at Allah’s command.
  • The first blow of his trumpet will destroy everything.
  • The second blow will bring every human who has lived and died back to life.
84
Q

5 pillars of Islam in order.

A
  1. Shahada: Declaration of faith.
  2. Salah: 5 daily prayers.
  3. Zakah: Giving of wealth as a tax to the poor and needy.
  4. Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan.
  5. Hajj: Pilgramige.
85
Q

What the 10 obligatory acts (not list), and which sect of Islam follows them?

A
  • The 10 obligatory acts are 10 practises that Shi’a Muslims have to carry out, similar to the 5 pillars of Islam.
  • The consists of 4/5 pillars of Islam (no shahada), jihad, and 5 other acts.
86
Q

Arabic name for the 10 obligatory acts

A

Furu’al-din

87
Q

State the 10 obligatory acts (Not including, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj)

A
  • Jihad: The struggle to live how God wants.
  • Khums: Annual taxation of 20% of savings, paid to religious leaders to help the poor.
  • Amr-bil-Maroof: Commanding what is right.
  • Nahil Anil Munkar: Forbidding what is wrong.
  • Tawalla: Expressing love to God
  • Tabbara: Expressing disassociation and hatred toward evil. Distance from and hate evil-doers.
88
Q

Shahadah

A
  • Only pillar that is not an action.
  • Professes faith in Allah and his messenger.
  • It is professed till death and used to convert to Islam.
89
Q

List all the Salah’s and their timings

A
  1. Fajr: Morning prayer
  2. Zuhr: Midday prayer
  3. Asr: Late afternoon prayer
  4. Maghrib: Prayer after sunset
  5. Isha: Night-time prayer.
90
Q

Salah (Quote and Hadith)

A
  • It is prayer five times.
  • It is a formal (structured) method of worship.
  • It was the first duty given by Allah.
  • People believe they are in closest communication to Allah whilst praying.

Hadith:
“You are closest to Allah in prostration”
Quran:
“Salat restrains oneself from unjust and shameful deeds.”

91
Q

Adhan

A
  • Call to prayer made before every salah.
  • Made by the Muezzin in Arabic whilst facing the Ka’bah in Makkah.
  • Made from towers called Minarets (often done via speaker now)
92
Q

What is Wudu? (Quote). What is it done for?

A
  • Important preparation for prayer, it is a ritual of washing.
  • It provides ‘purification’ before communicating with Allah.
  • It is done as a symbolic action to reinforce the niyyah (intention) to worship Allah with a pure heart.
  • “Allah loves those who… care for cleanliness”.
93
Q

Wudu steps in order.

A
  1. Hands are washed.
  2. Mouth is rinsed out three times.
  3. Nose is washed out three times.
  4. Using both hands entire face is washed three times.
  5. Both arms, starting with right arm, are washing until the elbow, three times.
  6. Wet fingers are moved over the top of the head and ears.
  7. Both feet, starting with the right foot, are washed thoroughly including the ankle. (Shia’s only wipe over them with wet hands).
94
Q

Differences between Sunni and Shi’a prayer

A
  • Shi’a Muslims are allowed to join Zuhr and Asr prayers, and Maghrib and Isha.
  • Shi’a Muslims believe it is wrong to prostrate on any artificial human made materials, as Muhammad prayed on a mat made of natural fibres.
95
Q

What does doing dua demonstrate, and what do Muslims seek when they do Dua? Describe dua structure, meaning, and quote.

A
  • Private act of prayer, it is not structured.
  • Dua itself means ‘asking’.
  • Muslims believe they seeking Allah’s guidance when they perform dua.
  • Muslims believe demonstrate belief in Allah’s immanence by privately asking for guidance.
  • “I respond to the invocation of the supplicant when he calls me”. This shows Allah responds to Dua.
96
Q

When is Du’a usually performed, and in what language?

A

After finishing Salah, but it can be any time of the day, in one’s native language. Can be done using prayer beads too.

97
Q

Zakah meaning, requirements, and quote

A
  • Mandatory charity for all those who can financially afford it.
  • It means ‘purification’ as it purifies one from greed.
  • Sunni Muslims give 2.5% of their wealth above the Nisab, and Shi’a Muslims give 20%.
  • “Practise regular charity, and bow down your head”.
98
Q

What is Nisab?

A

Whether a Muslim can afford to pay Zakah or not is mandated by their net worth. If their net worth is more than a certain minimum, they must pay. The certain minimum is known as Nisab.

99
Q

Sadaqah and quote

A
  • Voluntary extra donations on top of Zakat.
  • No limits/guidelines, any amount can be given at any time, to anyone.
  • “Save yourself from hellfire by giving even half a date-fruit in charity”.
100
Q

What is Khums? Where does it go? What happens to unpaid khums?

A
  • One of the 10 obligatory acts of Shi’a Islam.
  • 20% of a person’s wealth must be donated every lunar year to the religious scholar a person follows.
  • Money raised it used to help the poor as well as Muslim organisations.
  • Whoever does not give khums is in possession of haram money which is forbidden and sinful to spend.
101
Q

Sawm (fasting) and quote

A
  • Every year in Ramadan, Muslims go without food, drink and sex during the daylight hours of the entire month.
  • It is the 4th pillar is Sunni Islam, and one of the obligatory acts.
  • “Fasting has been prescribed for you just as it was prescribed for people before you so that you may become mindful of God.”
102
Q

What is Ramadan?

A

The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, the month that the Qur’an was revealed to Muhammad.

103
Q

Who is exempt from fasting?

A

It fasting seriously endangers a person’s health, they are exempt.
- The sick
- Pregnant woman
- Menstruating woman
- Children below 12

104
Q

Importance of fasting

A
  • Muslims believe their sins will be forgiven by Allah, and develop self-obedience.
  • Helps Muslims appreciate the needs of others, leading to a greater sense of empathy and gratitude for their blessings.
  • By becoming more self-controlled, Muslims increasingly do more good deeds, which pleases Allah.
105
Q

What is the pre-dawn meal before fasting called?

A

Suhur

106
Q

Why are final 10 days of Ramadan so important? What do Muslims do during these 10 days?

A
  • The Hadith says it was in the last 10 days that Muhammad received the first page of the Qur’an.
  • During these 10 days Muslims aim to worship Allah as much as possible, even taking time of work to pray and worship Allah.
107
Q

What is the importance of Eid-ul-Fitr?

A
  • It means festival of fast breaking.
  • This marks the end of Ramadan and Sawm, and the beginning of Shawwal.
  • Children are given presents, sweets, and new clothes.
108
Q

Sawm in Islamic and non-Islamic countries

A
  • Islamic countries slow the pace of life during Ramadan, as working can be harder. Islamic tradition is a large part of culture and usually a landslide majority of the population is Muslim.
  • In non-Islamic countries fewer people celebrate Ramadan and fast so they have to continue as usual.
109
Q

What is Hajj? When is it? What are people who complete hajj called? Is it mandatory?

A
  • Pilgrimage to Mecca, performed in Dhul-Hijja, the last Islamic month, between the 8th and 12th.
  • Those who complete Hajj are called Hajji or Hama.
  • Only pillar not obliged to perform if you are sick, not financially stable, are very young, or very old.
  • A Muslim should go Hajj at least once in their lives.
110
Q

Origins of Hajj (Story of Hager and Ishmael, and Muhammad)

A
  • Ibrahim’s wife Hager and his son Ishmael were stranded in the desert.
  • About to die from thirst, Hager ran between the hills of Safa and Marwa looking for water.
  • Angel Jibril created a spring of fresh water called well of zamzam.
  • When Ishmael kicked the ground, the spring appeared.
  • Allah told Ibrahim to build the Ka’bah there, where people placed idols in the Ka’bah.
  • Muhammad and his followers destroyed the idols in the first official Hajj.
111
Q

Ihram

A
  • A state of holiness needed to perform Hajj.
  • Two pieces of white clothing are worn, symbolising purity.
  • No sex during Hajj as it takes focus away from Allah.
  • No violence, swearing or cutting nails.
112
Q

The Ka’bah

A
  • Originally built by Adam, rebuilt by Ibrahim and his son Ishmael.
  • It contains a holy stone in south east corner of the Ka’bah, believed to be given to Ibrahim by Jibril or a meteorite sent from heaven.
  • It used to be used for idol worship until Muhammad dedicated it to Allah.
113
Q

Tawaf

A
  • The act of circling the Ka’bah 7 times -anticlockwise.
  • A niyyah (purpose & intention) is recited before beginning the circling.
114
Q

Sa’y

A
  • A part of Hajj.
  • The running between the two hills of As-Safa, and Al-Marwa.
  • Each hill is around 420 metres apart and a walkway joins them.
  • Muslims move between the hills seven times to re-enact Hagar’s search for water.
115
Q

Arafat

A
  • One of the most important rituals of Hajj.
  • It is a plain near the Mount of Mercy where Muslims gather for an Afternoon to plead for forgiveness, facing the Ka’aba as Muhammad did.
  • Even non pilgrim Muslims set aside the day to fast.
  • They collect 49 stones ready for use at Mina over the next three days.
116
Q

Mina (The stoning of Iblis)

A
  • The stoning of three wide and high walls called Jamarat, which represent Iblis.
  • It represents the rejection of evil that Ibrahim and Ishmael had, to the devil, who tried to stop Ibrahim from sacrificing Ishmael as god ordered him to. They threw stones to chase away Iblis.
  • Pilgrims do an animal sacrifice as God provided to Ibrahim, commemorating Allah’s mercy and provision.
117
Q

What does hajj mean for Muslims?

A
  • Greater sense of the ummah, worshipping together with 2 million Muslims, standing shoulder to shoulder in equality.
  • Closeness to Allah, especially through Arafat, leaving them in awe.
  • Weight of sin relieved, and pleading Allah for forgiveness and may drive them to be more obedient Muslims.
  • Joy in completing Hajj, more certain of place in Jannah.
118
Q

Ummah

A

Sense of community in Islam

119
Q

Eid-ul-Adha meaning, and duration

A
  • The ‘Festival of Sacrifice’, where during Hajj pilgrims sacrifice an animal near to Makkah.
  • Can last up to 3 days, and it celebrates the willingness of Ibrahim to sacrifice his son, Ishmail.
  • In Muslim countries it is a bank holiday.
120
Q

How is Eid al-Adha celebrated?

A
  • An animal is sacrificed (in halal manner), and eid prayers are done at the mosque.
  • It begins with a khutbah (sermon) and Eid prayers are offered in an open air gathering called Musalla.
  • The animal is sacrificed is shared with the poor, family and friends.
121
Q

Khutbah

A

Arabic word that means sermon and is commonly used to refer to Friday Khutbah, which is done before Jumu’ah.

122
Q

Musalla

A

Open air gathering during Eid al-Adha

123
Q

What does Eid-Al-Adha represent?

A
  • Demonstration of willingness to make sacrifice for Allah.
  • Opportunity to be thankful to Allah for his provision in the food they eat.
  • Promotes Ummah (through gathering together and sharing).
124
Q

Id-ul-fitr and Hadith quote.

A
  • People do Eid prayers and give Zakah ul-fitr (special charity to atone for any mistakes they made whilst fasting).
  • Khutbah is delivered at Eid prayers
  • Muhammad called this festival the “day of reward” as it comes after the hardships of Sawm during Ramadan.
125
Q

Eid-ul-ghadeer

A
  • Shi’a festival commemorating the Prophet Muhammad’s choice of Ali as a leader of Muslims at one of his last sermon at Ghadir Khumm.
  • Muhammad held up Ali’s hand and called him the new master (Shi’a Hadith)
  • However, sunni’s believe Muhammad only called Ali to be respected, not to be called as his successor
126
Q

Ghadir Khumm

A
  • The location of one of Prophet Muhammad’s last sermon.
  • Shi’a and Sunni Muslim’s disagree about what happened during this event.
  • Shi’a Muslims claim Muhammad called Ali to be named as his successor.
  • Sunni Muslims believe Ali was only called to be respected, but not to be seen as the successor.
127
Q

How is Eid-ul-Ghadeer celebrated?

A
  • Shi’as take a full ritual baths in the morning, then take part in special prayers, and exchange presents.
  • They re-affirm their commitment that Ali is the first imam.
  • There are large celebrations especially in Shi’a countries such as Iran.
128
Q

Ashura

A
  • Ashura takes place on the 10th day of Muharram (1st month of Islam).
  • It celebrates when Moses was saved from the Egyptians by Allah.
  • It is a day of tragedy for Shi’as, as it remembers the martyrdom of hussayn, the third Imam of the Shi’as, Ali’s son, and Prophet Muhammad’s grandson.
129
Q

Celebrating Islamic festivals in non-Muslim countries

A
  • It raises issues as non-Muslim countries sometimes don’t understand the significance of a festival.
  • As a result, there are no national holidays, and it is harder to take time off important activities to celebrate.
  • For example, Ramadan is much harder.
130
Q

Meaning of the word ‘Jihad’ and the different types of it.

A

It means ‘striving’. It is important for all Muslims, and takes two forms: Greater and Lesser Jihad.

131
Q

Muhammad’s teachings on peace

A
  • Muhammad spent his first 13 years as Allah’s prophet in Makkah peacefully spreading the faith of Islam.
  • Despite further attempts at violence, Muhammad agreed a 10 year peace treaty called ‘Sulh al-Hudaybiya’,
132
Q

Quote for why Ramadan is important

A

“It was in the month of Ramadan that the Qur’an was revealed… those of you who are present in that month should fast.”

133
Q

Quote for peace

A

“The lord laughs at the wicked, for he knows their day is coming.” - Book of psalms

134
Q

Greater Jihad and Quote

A
  • Means the inner battle to struggle to follow the ‘straight path’ and to please God.
  • Requires Muslims to struggle against their desire and preserve to stay on the ‘straight path’ to please Allah.
  • “Do great jihad with the help of the Quran”.
135
Q

Lesser Jihad and Quote

A
  • Creating a good and fair Muslim society, and some also believed it includes holy war.
  • If lesser Jihad is a form of war, it should be defensive or against unjust regime.
  • Extremists use Jihad as a means to justify killing non-Muslims, called kafir.
  • “Fight in the way of Allah…”
136
Q

Conditions required for lesser jihad.

A

jihad is to struggle in the way of Allah; lesser jihad is a physical struggle/fight.

  • Weapons of mass destruction (such as chemical or biological warfare) are considered prohibited.
  • Must be in defence of Islam, Muslims or Allah.
  • Must be ended if/when peace is called by the enemy.
  • Must be called by a religious leader of the ummah rather than a politician.
  • Must be the last resort after peaceful methods have failed
  • The innocent must not be harmed
  • Enemies given justice and the wounded helped, regardless of sides
  • Crops/trees/property must not be harmed; poisoning wells is forbidden.
137
Q

Hadith quote for the importance of praying in congregation (ISLAM)

A

“Praying in congregation is twenty seven times better than praying alone.” - Hadith

138
Q

Quote for Allah being the best judge for humans

A

“Is Allah not the best of judges?”

139
Q

Quote for Jihad being good

A

“Those who have believed, migrated, and striven for God’s cause… can look forward to God’s mercy.”

GCSE RS (2 decks)

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