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Islam beliefs. Flashcards

1
Q

Shirk quotes.

A
  • ‘None is born of Him and He is The Unborn.’
  • ‘There is none like unto him.’
  • ‘No vision can grasp him.’
  • ‘He is above all comprehension, yet He is acquainted with all things.’
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2
Q

Tawhid quotes.

A
  • ‘He is The Supreme. The One.’

- ‘Allah is The Eternal and The Absolute.’

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3
Q

What is shirk?

A

Shirk is the deification of worship of anyone or anything other than Allah.

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4
Q

What is Allah’s quality of being fair and why is it important to muslims?

A

God treats people fairly and impartially without favour or discrimination. The fact that Allah is partisan is important because it makes Muslims feel equal and indifferent.

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5
Q

Omnipotent quote.

A

‘He who is the all-knowing, the powerful, able to do anything.’

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6
Q

Omnibenevolent quote.

A

‘Your Lord does injustice to no one.’

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7
Q

Merciful quote.

A

‘Surely, Allah forgives all sins.’

‘Indeed, He is the most forgiving, the merciful.’

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8
Q

Fair quote.

A

‘He is fair in His judgement.’

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9
Q

Just quote.

A

‘Be just, that is nearer to righteousness.’

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10
Q

Immanent quote.

A

‘He is the first, the last, and the Immanent.’

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11
Q

Omniscient quote.

A

‘He has full knowledge of all things.’

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12
Q

Transcendent quote.

A

‘No vision can grasp Him; He is beyond human understanding.’

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13
Q

Angel Jibril’s role.

A

Angel Jibril is the bringer of good news. He is also the messenger of the word of Allah to the Prophets, and is mentioned in both the Qur’an and the Hadith. He is the equivalent of an archangel.

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14
Q

Angel Malak al-maut (azrael)’s role.

A

Malak al-maut is the angel of death who separates souls from their bodies. He is also one of the four archangels. He has 4000 wings and a body formed by as many eyes and tongues as there are living human beings.

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15
Q

Angel Mika’il’s role.

A

Angel Mika’il is a friend to humanity. He is known as the giver of rain, which waters the land and helps to provide food for people. Guards places of worship and reward people’s good deeds. As the Angel of Mercy, he asks Allah to forgive people’s sins.

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16
Q

Angel Israfil’s role.

A

Angel Israfil is commissioned to blow the trumpet when this world comes to an end and blows it to signify the start of the resurrection. His tasks also include delivering divine messages to other angels, and receiving the daily deed records.

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17
Q

Angel Munkar and Nakir’s role.

A

These are the two angels who test the faith of the dead in their tombs. After death, the deceased is placed upright in the grave by them and asked three questions: Who is your Lord? What is your religion? And who is your Prophet?

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18
Q

Guardian angel roles.

A

The work of the Kiraman Katibin is to write down and record every action of a person each day. One angel figuratively sits on the right shoulder and records all good deeds, while the other sits on the left shoulder and records all bad deeds.

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19
Q

Differing beliefs about predestination. Include quotes.

A

Sunni Muslims believe in the idea of predestination - that Allah has already planned out your life for you, and you have no freedom to alter your destiny. It’s impossible to choose anything other than what Allah has chosen for you.
‘Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed for us.’
Shi’a Muslims, on the other hand, believe that although Allah has control over the world, our choices are down to us, as we have freewill. Allah knows what will happen, but doesn’t necessarily decide it. Shi’a Muslims believe they are free to make their own choices.
‘Allah will not change the condition of a person until they change what is in themselves.’

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20
Q

Adalat meaning.

A

The Shi’a belief in the divine justice, that Allah is always right and fair, and that Allah designed the world to be fair.

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21
Q

Problem surrounding predestination. Counter this problem.

A

On the Day of Judgement, Allah will judge you based on your sins and all the choices you have made. How can He do this if He has chosen for you? Surely you would need freewill and be able to make your own choices for you to be judged fairly.
Counter: Allah knows the choices that we would make, and He chooses for us what we already would have chosen. ‘Allah is closer to you than your jugular vein’ - He knows us inside and out, because He created us, therefore we are free to make our own choices, but they are also predetermined.

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22
Q

Qualities of Jannah.

A
  • A place where all wishes and desires are fulfilled.

- No growing ill, old or dying, and no pain or worries.

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23
Q

Qualities of Jahannam.

A
  • A fire seventy times hotter than any flame on Earth.
  • People will wail in misery.
  • Boiling water will be poured over their heads and they will experience pain everywhere, be dragged in chains.
  • People will have black smoke in their eyes, and anyone trying to climb out will be pushed back in.
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24
Q

What is done to get to Jannah?

A

A person must have lived religiously and asked for Allah’s forgiveness (i.e. repented for their sins). Good beliefs and actions provide the entrance to Jannah.

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25
Q

What is done to get to Jahannam?

A

A person will have lived a wicked life full of evil, and rejected the teachings of the Qur’an. They would make excuses and not take responsibility, and try to blame others for their own sins.

26
Q

Jannah quotes.

A
  • ‘Enter among my servants! Enter my Paradise!’

- ‘No soul knows what delights of the eye are kept hidden from them of joy, as a reward for what they did,’

27
Q

Jahannam quotes.

A
  • ‘Oh humanity - your sins are against your soul.’
  • ‘We will show you the truth of what you did.’
  • ‘They will dwell amid scorching wind and scalding water in the shadow of black smoke, neither cool nor refreshing.’
28
Q

Quotes for akhirah.

A
  • ‘When the sky breaks apart; And when the stars fall, scattering; And when the seas are erupted; And when the contents of graves are scattered.’
  • ‘Every person’s judgement is fastened round his neck.’
  • ‘Read your book; you have no need of anyone but yourself to work out your account.’
  • ‘It is the Day when one soul shall be powerless to plead for another.’
  • ‘Your good actions will benefit only you, while evil harms only the person who does it.’
  • ‘The Decision of the Hour of Judgement will be swift as the twinkling of an eye, or even quicker: for God has the power over all things.’
29
Q

Why is the belief in risalah important?

A
  • The Prophets tell Muslims how to behave to get to Jannah.
  • Motivates Muslims to develop their faith.
  • Helps Muslims feel closer to Allah, and reassures them that Allah loves them.
  • Strengthens iman because it shows Islam is the true religion.
  • All prophets brought the same message, showing Allah is unchanging.
30
Q

Prophet Adam.

A

The first human, prophet, Muslim and caliph; he was tempted by the devil to disobey God and was removed from paradise and sent to earth.

31
Q

Prophet Ibrahim.

A

Remained loyal to Allah, despite his faith being tested by sacrificing his son. He replaced Ibrahim’s son with a lamb, as a reward for believing in Him. Ibrahim also built the Ka’aba with his son, Isma’il.

32
Q

Prophet Isma’il.

A

Son of Ibrahim, and helped his father to build the Ka’aba. Allah caused the Zamzam well to appear by his foot. Agreed, and even encouraged his father to sacrifice him, stating ‘do as you are commanded and, God willing, you will find me steadfast.’

33
Q

Prophet Musa.

A

Allah give him his message directly, and helped free the Jews from slavery.

34
Q

Prophet Dawud.

A

He was given the gift of creating melody to sing Allah’s praises. He was a king who killed Goliath and made armour for his army.

35
Q

Which prophets were called ‘The Resolute Ones’ and why?

A

Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa, and Muhammad.

They are called ‘The Resolute Ones’ because they passed a test of faith from Allah.

36
Q

Prophet Isa.

A

He is not the Son of God or part of the Trinity - he was not crucified, but saved by Allah. Known as the messiah (the leader of the jews).

37
Q

Prophet Muhammad.

A

Known as ‘the seal of the prophets’ because he was the last messenger.

38
Q

Why is Ibrahim an important Prophet?

A

Because he always remained obedient to Allah and Tawhid despite opposition. Qur’an says ‘Abraham was truly an example; devoutly obedient to God and true in faith.’ Therefore, he is classed as a Hanif - an absolute monotheist.

39
Q

Risalah quotes.

A
  • ‘Every community is sent a message by Allah to bring good news and warning.’
  • ‘We make no distinction between any of them [the prophets - all equal].
  • ‘Allah made Adam by fashioning a body out of the day and breathing his spirit into.’
  • The Qur’an describes Is’mail as ‘truly righteous’, ‘truly good’ and ‘time to his promise’.
  • Jibril declared to Muhammad ‘Read! In the name of your Lord.’
  • Is’mail to Ibrahim ‘do as you are told and, God willing, you will find me steadfast.’
40
Q

Story of Prophet Ibrahim.

A

His father was a sculptor who sold idol gods. Ibrahim wanted to prove that they were powerless and simply pieces of clay, so he threw them into a water source. They sank, proving his point that they were powerless. Allah asked Ibrahim to turn to Islam and become a Prophet, and Ibrahim submitted. He gave talks of the word of Allah in communal areas, but people laughed and made fun of them. He then destroyed all the idols in their temples, apart from one, and asked them to ask the last idol for answers.

41
Q

Story of Prophet Adam.

A

Allah told Adam to enjoy all they wanted in Jannah, with the exception of a fruit tree, which was forbidden to touch. A jinn called Iblish, who became Shaytan, temped Adam to eat from the tree, in which he would disobey Allah. Adam did it, but instantly regretted it. Allah granted him forgiveness because he asked for mercy - Adam then lived as a human on Earth, spreading the word of Allah.

42
Q

Story of Prophet Muhammad.

A

He challenged the people of Makkah to give up cheating, drinking alcohol, gambling and idol worship, and told people to instead, give to those in need. On Mount Hira, angel Jibril appeared to him with a message from Allah. He received further revelations which were combined to form the Qur’an - this is known as the Night of Power. He spent the remainder of his life proclaiming the Oneness of Allah, and that complete surrender to Him is the only acceptable way of life. He fled persecution from Makkah with his followers to Madinah, known as the Hijrah.

43
Q

Key importance of the Prophet Muhammad to Muslims.

A
  • Carried the message that we need to pray 5 times a day from Angel Jibril.
  • Taught that we need to give to those in need - every eid we give money or donations to charity.
  • Challenged people in Makkah to give up alcohol and idol worship.
  • Turned people of Makkah to Islam.
  • Restored monotheism by preaching God is one.
  • Created laws protecting women and orphans.
  • Ensured muslims would be able to practice their faith - some didn’t want Muslims in public e.g. recapture of Makkah, which caused Muhammad and his followers to flee.
44
Q

Hadith meaning.

A

A saying from Prophet Muhammad.

45
Q

What are angels made from?

A

Nur/Light.

46
Q

What do humans have that angels don’t?

A

Freewill. Angels can only do what God commands of them.

47
Q

Islamic holy book examples.

A

Qur’an, Torah, Zabur, Injeel, Scrolls of Abraham.

48
Q

Importance of Tawhid in Islam.

A

It encourages confidence, as nobody else but Allah has power over them, and faith, as Muslims will surrender to the will of Allah rather than their own desires.

49
Q

Importance of angels in Islam.

A

They serve the purposes of Allah, and are important because they share Allah’s message with Muslims, help Muslims when they worship, and record our good and bad deeds for judgement.

50
Q

Importance of Islamic holy books.

A

The Qur’an is the most important writing because it is the uncorrupted message of Allah, conveyed by Jibreel to Muhammed. The Holy books of Islam are important as they give moral and spiritual guidance on how to be a good Muslim.

51
Q

Importance of prophets in Islam.

A

It shows Allah loves us sufficiently to want to send His revelation to us through His prophets. The prophets are also role-models for Muslims today.

52
Q

Importance of the Day of Judgement.

A

It provides Muslims with a purpose - that they will be judged when they die, based on their actions.

53
Q

Importance of predestination in Islam.

A

It teaches Muslims that Allah not only foreknows, but also foreordains all that comes to pass in the world and in the lives of individuals. This is important because Muslims learn to trust that Allah has a purpose for everyone, and gives them hope when suffering that Allah is testing them to see their faith.

54
Q

Importance of adalat (justice) in Shi’a Islam.

A

Shi’as believe that there are intrinsic good or evil in things, and that God commands them to do the good things and forbids evil things. This belief is important because it provides Muslims with a purpose - that they will be judged when they die, based on their actions. It also provides hope that Allah is fair and if He tests them in this life, Allah will reward them for their suffering.

55
Q

Importance of imamah (leadership) in Shi’a Islam.

A

Allah sent down 12 Imams after the last messenger, Muhammad, to help teach and guide us in the religion of Islam. Shi’a Muslims believe in Twelve Imams, eleven of whom were killed, but they believe their twelfth Imam is still alive. They believe he will be coming before the day of Judgement with Prophet Isa. The Shi’a Imams are role models for Shi’a Muslims and help guide Muslims in the way of Allah.

56
Q

Importance of qyamat (day of resurrection) in Islam.

A

After the annihilation of this world, God will raise mankind for Judgement. Every human, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, is held accountable for his or her deeds and are judged by God accordingly.

57
Q

What caused the split into the two sects of Islam?

A

After Prophet Muhammad’s death, Sunni Muslims thought his successor should be elected by the people, and elected Abu Bak’r as their first caliph. On the other hand, Shi’a Muslims thought his successors should go down his family bloodline, electing his adopted son Ali.

58
Q

Shia’s Muslims opinions on imams in comparison to prophets.

A

Shi’a Muslims do not believe imams are like prophets - they do not bring revelations. Instead, they protect the interpretation of the Qur’an. They are infallible and do not sin. Only Shi’as believe this, as Sunnis believe that nobody is sinless except prophets and that there is no hierarchy in Islam.

59
Q

‘Muslims should follow the instructions of the 12 imams.’ 12 marker plan.

A

FOR:

  • Shi’a Muslims believe that imams are inspired by God, are without sin and are infallible, which means that they can interpret the teachings of the Qur’an without making any errors.
  • Shi’a Imams are role models for Muslims, and help guide them in the ways of Allah.
  • Shi’a Muslims believe there were twelve imams after the death of Muhammad. The twelfth imam, however, has been kept alive by God and is hidden somewhere on Earth. Shi’a Muslims believe the twelfth imam will one day make himself known and bring equality to all.
  • Shi’a Muslims believe that the imams are necessary because people need guidance on how to live correctly. Due to their close relationship with God, the twelve imams are highly respected.
  • Shi’a Muslims believe that Allah gave knowledge to the first Imam, Ali, and that this knowledge has been passed down from Imam to Imam.

AGAINST:

  • Only Shi’a Muslims believe in the Imamate, and Shi’a Muslims only make up around 8% of Muslims.
  • Shi’a Muslims believe that Imams are completely free of sin, but Sunni Muslims believe that there is nobody free of sin except the Prophets.
  • Shi’a Muslims believe that the twelfth imam will bring equality, but the fact that there are 12 imams in the first place already brings hierachy and inequality, as these imams are people that should be followed by Muslims, indicating that they’re of higher status. How can they bring equality when they make Islam inequal? All are meant to be equal in the eyes of Allah.
  • You could easily be committing shirk, as you might be worshipping these Imams whilst looking to them for guidance and following their rules.
  • Majority of Muslims believe that Muhammad alone was given knowledge from Allah, so Muslims must emulate the life of the Prophet and follow his teachings (the Sunnah)
60
Q

What is Barzakh?

A

The barrier between heaven and hell in which you await your judgement.

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