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Chapter 3: Islam and Philippine Islamization > ISLAM AND THE ISLAMIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES > Flashcards

ISLAM AND THE ISLAMIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES Flashcards

by Peter G. Gowing 1) ARRIVAL OF ISLAM IN THE PHILIPPINES 2) WINNING OF SULU 3) PENETRATION OF MINDANAO

1
Q

Which regions experienced Islamization alongside the southern Philippines? (4)

A
  • Borneo
  • Sulawesi
  • Celebes
  • Moluccas
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2
Q

When did Muslim Arab traders begin trading in the Philippines?

A

Likely before the 10th century.

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3
Q

What brought Chinese attention to Borneo and its connection to the Philippines?

A

Muslim merchants trading in the Malay World.

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4
Q

A sacred grave of a Muslim, dated 1310 AD, and a coronation site for Sulu Sultans.

A

Bud Dato in Jolo

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5
Q

What does the grave at Bud Dato suggest about early Islam in the Philippines?

A

A Muslim settlement in Jolo existed by the late 13th or early 14th century.

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6
Q

Who are the predominant group/tribe in Sulu?

A

Tausug

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7
Q

A foreigner who married a local chieftain’s daughter and raised Muslim children in Jolo.

A

Tuan Masha’ika

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8
Q

What did Tuan Mashaika’s arrival signify for Jolo?

A

The beginning of Islamization in Southern Philippines

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9
Q

A holy man who arrived in Sulu in the second half of the 14th century and established a place of worship.

A

Karim ul Makhdum (also called Tuan Sharief Awliya)

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10
Q

A leader from Sumatra who strengthened Islamic consciousness in Sulu in the late 14th or early 15th century.

A

Rajah Baguinda

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11
Q

An Arab who married Rajah Baguinda’s daughter and founded the Sultanate of Sulu in the mid-15th century.

A

Sayyid Abu Bakr

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12
Q

What did Abu Bakr contribute to Islam in Sulu?

A

He consolidated Islam, shaped political institutions along Islamic lines, and introduced the study of the Qur’an.

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13
Q

What strategy did Abu Bakr use to convert hill people to Islam?

A

He offered food and clothing instead of fighting, promoting goodwill and understanding.

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14
Q

What dream did Abu Bakr have that led to the conversion of his people?

A

A dream of living in a beautifully decorated house, interpreted by Abu Bakr as a metaphor for the new religion.

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15
Q

Who is credited with introducing Islam into Mindanao?

A

Sharief Muhammad Kabungsuan

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16
Q

From where did Sharief Muhammad Kabungsuan come?

A

Johore

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17
Q

When did Sharief Muhammad Kabungsuan arrive in Mindanao?

A

In the first quarter of the 16th century.

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18
Q

Who is said to have introduced Islam near present-day Cotabato City?

A

Sharief Awliya

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19
Q

What is the mythical story associated with Sharief Awliya?

A

He reportedly came to Mindanao in search of Paradise, married a celestial maiden (houri), and had a daughter named Paramisuli.

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20
Q

Another figure from Johore who is said to have married Paramisuli and arrived in the area of Slangan (Cotabato).

A

Sharief Maraja

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21
Q

What is the lineage of the dumato clan of Maguindanao?

A

They trace their line back to Sharief Maraja, rivals of the clans descended from Sharief Kabungsuan.

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22
Q

He is said to be the son of an Arab father and Malay mother and possibly a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.

A

Sharief Muhammad Kabungsuan

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23
Q

What happened to Kabungsuan’s companions during the migration?

A

They left him behind at Bongo Island, and he became established as a leader in Cotabato.

24
Q

What political authority did Sayyid Abu Bakr attain after his father-in-law’s death?

A

He succeeded Rajah Baguinda and founded the Sultanate of Sulu.

25
Q

What title is Sayyid Abu Bakr known by in Sulu?

A

Sultan Sharief ul Hashim.

25
Q

What is uncertain about Sharief Kabungsuan’s settlement?

A

There is disagreement over whether he settled first among the Llanun people of Illana Bay or near present-day Malabang before moving to Cotabato.

26
Q

Who claims conversion to Islam through Kabungsuan?

A

Llanun and Maguindanao peoples.

27
Q

How is Kabungsuan characterized religiously?

A

Devout, learned Muslim with proselytizing zeal.

28
Q

How did Kabungsuan establish power?

A

Through conquest and diplomacy.

29
Q

With whom did Kabungsuan form an alliance?

A

Maguindanaon datus.

30
Q

Which region did Kabungsuan Islamize?

A

Buayan

31
Q

How did Kabungsuan secure his status?

A

By marrying daughters of local datus.

32
Q

What political structure did Kabungsuan help create?

A

The Maguindanaon Sultanate

33
Q

What titles did Kabungsuan and his successors use?

A

Shariefs or datus

34
Q

Who was the first Maguindanao ruler referred to as “Sultan”?

A

Qudarat

35
Q

What role did the Sulu Sultanate play in Islamization?

A

Reinforced Islamization of Maguindanaon and Llanun peoples.

36
Q

Who helped strengthen Muslim consciousness in Maguindanao?

A

Religious teachers from Jolo, Brunei, and the Moluccas.

37
Q

Who ordered the arrest of Islamic preachers from Brunei?

A

Governor-General de Sande

38
Q

He reported the Proclamation of the law of Mahoma, mosques built, boys circumcised, schools teaching the Qur’an.

A

Bishop de Salazar

39
Q

By the end of the sixteenth century, what status did the Maguindanao achieve?

A

Incorporated into dar-al-Islam, able to count on military aid from neighboring Muslim states like Ternate.

40
Q

How did Islam spread from Cotabato and Malabang?

A

Along the coast and rivers to Sarangani Bay, Gulf of Davao, and Northern Mindanao.

41
Q

Who may have converted the Maranao people to Islam?

A

Sharief Kabungsuan, according to some local traditions.

42
Q

How might the Maranao people have been converted to Islam, aside from Sharief Kabungsuan’s influence?

A

Through contacts and intermarriages with Lanun and Maguindanao Muslims over time.

43
Q

What did Spanish missionaries report about the datus of the Lake Lanao area in 1640?

A

They reported that the datus were Muslims, but not all their followers were.

44
Q

Why were parts of Lanao considered potentially fruitful fields for Christian missionary work?

A

Because not all followers of the Muslim datus were Muslims at that time.

45
Q

Who possibly spread Islam from Cotabato to Bukidnon and Lake Lanao?

A

Sharief Alawi

46
Q

When did Islamization in the Maranao area begin?

A

Late 16th or early 17th century.

47
Q

Was Islamization completed by the mid-17th century?

A

No, it completed by the late 19th century.

48
Q

What do Maranao tarsilas indicate about their ancestry?

A

Trace lineage to Sharief Kabungsuan.

49
Q

WHAT initiated the Islamization of the Cotabato area in the middle of the 15th `century?

A

Arrival of Muslim missionaries, possibly of Arab descent, via the Sulu archipelago.

50
Q

Who are the legendary figures associated with the first Muslim settlements in the Pulangi River Basin? (2)

A

Sharief Awliya and Sharief Maraja

51
Q

What significant event coincided with the arrival of Sharief Muhammad Kabungsuan in the first quarter of the 16th century?

A

The collapse of the Majapahit empire and the arrival of Europeans in Malaysia.

52
Q

How did the ruling families of Buayan and Cotabato contribute to Islamization?

A

They were Muslims who accelerated the process through marriage alliances with neighboring principalities.

53
Q

What did the arrival of Bornean and Ternatean preachers signify?

A

Increased religious influence before the end of the 16th century.

54
Q

It marked a general awareness among Mindanao Muslims of their belonging to a wider dar-al-Islam.

A

Sultan Qudarat’s reign

55
Q

How did Islamic attitudes change with Spanish colonization attempts in the early 17th century?

A

There was a stiffening of Islamic attitudes and an acceleration of Islamization in the Maranao area.

Chapter 3: Islam and Philippine Islamization (3 decks)

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