Islam Flashcards
1
Q
what are the six beliefs
A
belief in
- allah
- last day
- life after death
- angels
- holy books
- messengers (prophets)
2
Q
what are the five roots of ‘usul ad-din in Shi’a Islam
A
Justice Successors Prophets Unity Day of judgment J SPUD
3
Q
define tawhid
A
belief in the oneness and unity of allah
4
Q
what is Adl
A
justice, one of the names of allah
5
Q
what is Nubuwwah
A
prophethood
6
Q
what is imamah
A
successors of Muhammad
7
Q
what is Mi’ad
A
the last day, day of judgement and resurrection
8
Q
why are the six beliefs important
A
- unite all Sunni Muslims
- help Sunni Muslims understand their religion better
- support Sunni Muslims in how they should live
- support beliefs they should have
- foundations of Sunni islam
- shows oneness of god (must be the creator, in control, present everywhere, the same god Jews and Christians worship)
- angel can communicate w man
- first (started w Adam) and last (ended w Muhammad) religion
- holy books contain way of life
- Muslims will be judged by Allah
9
Q
why are the five roots important
A
unites Shi’a Muslims
understand their core beliefs + religion better
understand how they should live
shows what one should believe to be Muslim
come from the teachings of the 12 imams
can’t live a Muslim life w/out understanding them
they can go to heaven
10
Q
8 characteristics of allah
A
tawhid (oneness)
immanence (god is close + involved w the world)
transcendence (beyond human understanding)
omnipotence
beneficence ( god is loving and kind to his creation)
mercy
fairness and justice
adalat (god is equitable and just) ! Shi’a !
11
Q
importance of god characteristics
A
understand him better
can lead their lives how he intended
strengthen the bond with Allah
encourage Muslims to strive to be better as this is he wants
benevolence - gotta be forgiving like god so that you can ask for forgiveness on the last day
oneness - all powerful
omnipotence - determines your fate
justice - will reward the good and punish the bad so Johnny b good
transcendence - worthy of worship, not restricted, in control
immanence - Allah can be contacted by humans, present for religious activities
12
Q
define risalah
A
belief in gods messengers (holy books, angels, prophets)
13
Q
what is akirah
A
belief in life after death and the last day
14
Q
what is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims
A
Shi’a Muslims believe Muhammad should’ve been succeeded by a blood relative but Sunnis wanted Abu bakr
Shias say only blood relatives should succeed
Sunnis say their interpretation follows the ways of Muhammad
Shias say Ali is the viceregent of god at the end of shahadah
15
Q
5 names of allah
A
the creator the tremendous the bestower the all knowing the ever providing the all seeing the judge the compassionate the absolute
16
Q
why does the Qur’an have total authority
A
contains god's actual words to humanity uncorrupted unlike other holy books must be true and followed bcos god said it can't be altered final word - never another book contains how to live
17
Q
what is and who wrote:
- the sahifah
- the tawrat
- the zabur
- the injil
A
- the scrolls - ibrahim
- the torah - musa
- psalms - dawud
- the gospel - isa
18
Q
why are the other holy books still relevant
A
contains god’s teachings + how to live
qur’an still refers to them so they must still be important
19
Q
why aren’t the other holy books still relevant
A
qur’an is the final and uncorrupted word of god - all a Muslim needs
20
Q
name 4 angels
A
jibril - chief +angel of revelation
azrael - angel of death
mikail - guards heaven against evil + the devil
israfil - will blow the trumpet at the end of time
21
Q
what do angels teach about humans
A
everything they do is recorded and known by Allah
humans must follow the message sent by Jibril to enter heaven
22
Q
what do angels tech about allah
A
he is so great and holy that he can’t communicate w humans directly
he created everything including heaven and angels
loves his creation - sent angels with his guidance so humans will go to heaven
although angels perform all his work for him, Allah is in ultimate control
23
Q
what do angels do
A
act as a go-between between god and humans
praise Allah in heaven
guard the gates of hell
record the actions of human beings for the last judgement
24
Q
what is malaikah
A
angels
25
why did allah create angels
to act as messengers between humans and Allah
26
characteristics of angels
```
immortal
don't have free will
cant sin
have wings
male
```
27
are angels essential to islam
no - books have been given to prophets without angels, not a root of 'usul ad-din
yes - Qur'an was revealed by Jibril, one of the six beliefs, protects heaven
28
what are Al'Jannah and Jahannam
heaven and hell
29
why is akirah important
in the Qur'an - gods word
muhammad taught it - should follow his example
one of the six beliefs AND five roots
life is a test and we are rewarded at the end of it
gives life meaning and purpose
encourages Muslims to be good and follow the pillars/beliefs/roots
affects burial and medical treatment - must be intact
30
what happens between death and the last day (barzakh)
souls are judged
| questioned - good people go to heaven, bad people are beaten with clubs
31
purpose of prophets
to send gods message to and teach people how to be viceregent of the earth
32
why are prophets important
teach us how to live
gave us holy books
just human - examples (sunnah - Muhammad)
proves Islam is the first and last religion
33
what is al-Qadr
predestination- everything in the universe if following a divine plan
34
issue with al-Qadr
how can we be punished if what we do is predestined
35
solutions to the issue with al-Qadr
man has free will
| allah knows what people will do before they do it as he has foreknowledge but they are doing it of their own free will
36
implications of belief in al-Qadr
muslims do not need to worry about long term suffering/ their future because god is in control
if they are suffering they must accept it because it's part of gods plan
muslims cannot sit back and let god take care of everything as they have free will so must also take action and help others
37
5 pillars
```
shahadah
salah
zakah
sawm
hajj
```
38
10 obligatory acts
```
! = shi'a
salah
zakah
sawm
hajj
khums!
jihad
amr-bil-ma'ruf!
nahi anil munkar!
tawalla!
tabarra!
```
39
what is shirk
the sin of associating things with god and worshipping idols and pictures
the worst sin
40
what is shahadah
declaration of faith
41
what is salah
praying 5 times a day
42
what is sawm
fasting in the month of Ramadan
43
what is zakah
obligatory charity tax
44
what is hajj
pilgrimage to Makkah that every Muslim should make once in their life if possible
45
what is khums
an additional Shi'a charity tax
46
what is jihad
the struggle to be a good Muslim
47
what is amr-bil-ma'ruf
always doing that which is good
48
what is nahi anil munkar
always avoiding that which is evil
49
what is tawalla
loving the relatives of the prophet
50
what is tabarra
hating those who hate Allah and his chosen ones
51
importance of the obligatory acts
established by Muhammad, Ali and the imams
Allah will punish those who do not fulfil the acts
by observing the 4 practical pillars a Muslim is followinf Muhammad's example, which is the way to lead a good Muslim life
by fulfilling the acts a Muslim can be confident that on the DofJ they will be allowed into heaven
differentiates Sunnis from Shi'as
52
what is the shahadah
there is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the prophet of God (and Ali is his vicegerent )
53
importance of shahadah
one can convert to Islam by reciting it 3 times in front of Muslim witnesses
shows they reject polytheism
shows they reject Christian beliefs about Jesus being the son of god - Muhammad is nothing more than a prophet
sums up the core beliefs f Islam
good Muslims recite it at least 5 times a day
without this belief, one cannot be a Muslim
54
name the times a Muslim prays
```
Fajr
Zuhr
As'r
Maghrib
Isha
```
55
how is salah performed
adhan (call to prayer) is done from the minaret of the mosque by the muezzin
remove shoes and perform wudu (washing hands, arms, elbows, face, nostrils, and head and the feet 3 times to be pure while in contact with god)
find a clean place
pray in the direction of Makkah
salah ends with saying 'the peace and mercy of Allah be upon you
56
why is salah important
puts them in direct contact with god 5 times a day
daily reminder that they've submitted themselves to god
discipline that forces them to take their religion seriously
unites them with other Muslims
reminder of the fundamentals of islam: submission and peace
commanded in the qur'an
cleanses sins
57
what *can't* you do during Ramadan from dawn to dusk
```
smoke
gossip
swear
get angry
have sex
eat
drink
lie
```
58
importance of sawm
fulfils the 4th pillar
fasting is a way of thanking God for the Qur'an
fasting brings Muslims closer to god so they can concentrate on him rather than ordinary things in life
promotes self-control which is needed to practise properly
seen as a way to recharge one's spiritual batteries to carry out their duties to god throughout the year
unites Muslims
brings families together and strengthens bonds (suhur)
59
what is laylat al-Qadr
night of power/destiny
| the night when the first revelation of the Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad
60
beliefs about the night of power
prayer on that night is better than 1000 months of prayer
praying in a mosque on this night can forgive someone's sins
reciting surahs 29 and 30 on the 23rd of Ramadan ensures entry into al'jannah
staying in a mosque for the last 10 days of Ramadan allows you to be close with god
praying brings religious insight
61
importance of laylat al-Qadr
celebrates the Qur'an
remembers the calling of Muhammad to be the final prophet
night Muhammad went to heaven
god decides everything that will happen in the coming year
the night when God decreed Ali and his descendants would be imams
62
what is nisab
the amount of income one must have before they are liable to pay zakah
63
who/what is zakah used for
orphans, widows, the poor, the homeless, tax collectors and religious purposes
64
why do they give zakah
it is the third pillar
its a sign of a Muslim's submission to and worship of god
wealth is evil but zakah can purify it
god is more likely to accept prayers if one pays zakah
65
what is sadaqah
voluntary giving of money to the poor
66
purpose of khums
ensures descendants of the prophet and religious leaders are properly cared for
support religious institutions
provide security for orphans the poor and the homeless
67
why shias pay khums
it is commanded by the Qur'an
it is a way of ensuring descendants of the prophet and religious leaders are properly cared for
be part of gods plan to redistribute money from the rich to the poor
helps poor and needy
one's sins are forgiven and money is purified
commanded by Shi'a religious lawyers
spreads and supports Shi'a Islam
68
is hajj compulsory?
no, they can only go if:
- they have enough money for their dependants while they're away from home
- mentally and physically fit enough
- not in debt
69
what does the great mosque of Makkah contain
the Ka'aba
the Zamzam well
the Ma'sa
70
what is the Ka'aba
the house of god containing the black stone
71
what is the Zamzam well
the well in the courtyard of the great mosque given by god for Ismail and Hagar
72
when is Hajj
8th - 13th Dhu al-Hijjah
73
purpose of Hajj
final pillar
follow the example of Muhammad - following his actions in the places he did them
visit the holiest places in islam - closer to god
remember the ancient nature of islam
stone the devil within themselves at mina
unites Muslims
become a hajji
sins forgiven
show god they are willing to sacrifice themselves for him
74
challenges of hajj
huge crowds
language barriers
hypocrisy of the rich and powerful getting preferential treatment when everyone is supposed to be equal
75
difference between lesser jihad and greater jihad
greater jihad - removing the evil from oneself, becoming a perfect Muslim
lesser jihad - removing evil from society
76
struggles of the greater jihad
performing the five pillars properly
following shariah exactly
discovering and following the example of the prophet Muhammad
being pleasing to Allah to get into heaven
77
struggles of the lesser jihad
targeting
- underdevelopment
- unfair trading
- lack of education
- lack of a welfare state
- the gap between rich and poor
78
what is the ummah
the Muslim Brotherhood
79
importance of jihad
shows one's devotion to God and the sacrifices on is willing to make because living as a Muslim is hard, especially in a non-muslim country because of:
- interest is haram (mortgage)
- finding halal food
- temptation of alcohol, drugs and gambling
to carry it out is to be a good Muslim so you will go to heaven
80
what is al-hijra
islamic new year's day, commemorates Muhammad moving to Madinah
81
what is Mawlid al-Nabi
Muhammad's birthday
82
what is laylat al-Miraj
commemorates the night Muhammad was taken to heaven and shown how to perform salah
83
why do salafi Muslims disagree with laylat al-Miraj, Mawlid al-Nabi and al hijra
they consider it too close to worshipping muhammad, which is shirk, the greatest sin
84
when is a war considered just (muslim)
the cause is just (self-defence, trying to remove injustice [e.g. genocide])
it's being fought and led by a Muslim authority
fought with the intention of resolving peace
a last resort - non-violent methods have failed
there is a reasonable chance of success
the killing of citizens is avoided
proportional methods are used
must end as soon as the enemy lays down their arms
85
when is a war considered just (situation ethics)
the cause is just (self-defence, trying to remove injustice [e.g. genocide])
it's being fought by the authority of the UN
fought with the intention of resolving peace
a last resort - non-violent methods have failed
there is a reasonable chance of success
the killing of citizens is avoided
proportional methods are used
must end as soon as the enemy lays down their arms
86
what is pacifism
the opposition of war, militarism and violence
87
muslim view on pacifism
lesser jihad- outward struggle to remove evil from soc- no passive resistance
Qur'an says if a Muslim is attacked they should fight back and they should fight in a holy war
anyone dying in a just war goes straight to heaven
there are examples of Muslim pacifists - Musa and Harun didn't fight the Israelites, just separated themselves
88
humanist view on pacifism
opposed to war
all life is precious if you don't believe in the afterlife
believe wars fought over religion are absurd
89
causes of conflict
religion
resources
politics - nationalism
history and culture - ethnicity
90
problems caused by conflict
casualties
displacement
expense - weapons an military personnel
expense - healthcare
91
muslim responses to causes of conflict
muslims may only fight in a war if it is just and they are NOT the aggressor
they may not fight in wars where they :
- take resources from others
- force others to become Muslim
- change the political leadership/sociology of a country
- change a country's culture
92
humanist and atheist responses to causes of conflict
baso get rid of religion bcos they're dumb
| religion is false so a way of making peace is to just abolish it apparently
93
benefits of weapons of mass destruction
mutually assured destruction - countries won't use nuclear weapons on each other bc they'd absolutely rip each other to shreds
biological and chemical weapons don't damage infrastructure
can be used as a deterrent
94
problems of weapons of mass destruction
well they uhhhhhh kill people
they could literally wipe out humanity (could be a benefit ygm)
chemical and biological weapons are just as bad just slower and harder to use
95
muslim attitudes to weapons of mass destruction
no because it would cause harm to innocent people - not very just :/
96
humanist attitudes to weapons of mass destruction
not for use, just as a deterrent
97
atheist attitudes to weapons of mass destruction
yeah lol self-defence and deterrent
| but some say non bc life is valuable bc no afterlife
98
conditions of a holy war
fought to achieve a religious goal
be authorised by a religious leader/teacher
promises a spiritual reward for those who fight in it
99
atheist and humanist views on holy war
DUMB and INDEFENSIBLE bc there is no god lol
| just war makes sense tho bc it's based on reason and values
100
what is a Harb al-Muqabi
a holy war
101
Muslim views on holy war
can be fought to:
- strengthen islam
- defend islam
- put right a wrong
- protect the freedom of Muslims to practise
Muslim lawyers today say you can only fight if is a just war and islam is being threatened
if it fulfils these conditions a muslim should fight
