Islam Flashcards
Allah
– the one and only God;
Caliph –
head of state in a caliphate; title of ruler of the Islamic Sunni community; English word for an Arabic expression meaning, Successor to the Messenger of God
Hadith –
narrations of Muhammad’s sayings and actions
Jihad –
resisting temptation and evil (greater Jihad) and fighting against oppression (lesser Jihad)
Makkah (Mecca)
– sacred city and site of the annual pilgrimage (Hajj)
Hajj )
– annual pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca
Salat
– formal daily prayers
Shahadah
– profession of faith
Shariah –
Islamic law (Shari’ah, Sharia)
Shi’a
– large minority of Muslims who believe Muhammad appointed his son-in-law, Ali, as his successor
Sunnah
– traditions about the life, model behaviour and sayings of Muhammad
Sunnis
– majority of Muslims; supported the succession to Muhammad by election
Tawhid
– doctrine of the unity of God
Torah
– first five books of the Old Testament; first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures; Pentateuch; Law
Zakat
– almsgiving; a tax gathered for charity work
Islam was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad between ______, and its early development took place under the leadership of ________
c.610 CE and 632 CE
the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs.
Islam’s principal beliefs are expressed in the
the six principal articles (aqida), which constitute the core creed of all Muslims.
Islam’s sacred texts and writings consist of the
Qur’an, , and the Hadith,
Qur’an,
considered by Muslims to be the direct Word of God revealed to Muhammad,
Hadith,
reports or narrations on the speech, actions, tacit approvals and descriptions of Muhammad.
Islamic Law is a
comprehensive legal system which includes religious, civil, criminal, business, family, inheritance, marriage and divorce laws.
Who are the four rightly guided Caliphs
Abu Bakr
Umar
Uthman
Ali
Shi’a believe
that Muhammad designated his son-in-law, Ali, as his successor, so they did not accept the first three Rightly Guided Caliphs and the method of succession. They believed that Ali should have been the first caliph and that his son Hussain should have succeeded him.
The Muslim majority who accepted the method of election of the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs came to be known as the _____, because their religious practices are based on the ______
Sunni,
Sunnah, or customs of the Prophet.
• the articles of faith explained in the Aqida as:
– Tawhid – Angels – Books of Allah – Rusul – Akhira – Fate/predestination
Core Ethical Teachings
• Islamic jurisprudence
• Islamic jurisprudence
– the Qur’an
– the Sunna and Hadith
– ijma’ – consensus among religious leaders
– qiyas – comparison with teachings of the Qur’an or Hadith
Halal
– permitted
Haraam
forbidden
• the Five Pillars are the
expression of faith of Islam
Muslims consider everything they do in life is an act of worship as long as it is carried out according to God’s guidance. In addition, there are five formal acts of worship that strengthen their faith and obedience. These are _____ and they structure the practice of their faith.
Five Pillars of Islam
What are the 5 pillars of Islam
Shahada (one god, refers to Tawhid
Salat (daily prayer)
Zakat (charity)
Sawm (Fasting during Ramadam)
Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)
Shahada-
declaration of Faith-Muslims must declare in public that “there is no god but Allah. And Muhammad is his Messenger”. The declaration is called Kalima (meaning sentence in Arabic).
Salat
-daily prayers. Muslims pray 5 times a day seeking communion with God and showing submission
Zakat.,
-charity. Muslims are required to give at least 2.5 % of excess personal wealth fo the poor. Performing Zakat helps gaining Allah’s favour
Sawm.
Fasting during the month of Ramadan (9th month of the Islamic calendar) from dawn to sunset. The quran was revealed during the month of Ramadan. Emphasis is made on forgiveness, kindness, unselfishness, purification. Rusuluhu, Al Qador, Tawhid
Hajj.
Pilgrimage to the Ka’ba in Mecca symbolism of God’s uniqueness. It has to be done once in a lifetime by the Muslims who can afford it. Hajj is performed on the 12th month of the Islamic calendar (dhu’l hijja)
