Islam Flashcards
Akhirah:
belief in the final judgement and life after death
Al- Qadr:
Muslim term for predestination
Burkha:
a long, loose fitting clothing that covers the entire body which is compulsory for women in some islamic countries
Hijab:
Often used to describe the headscarf worn by many women who are required to cover everything apart from face and hands
id-ul-fitr:
Celebration of breaking the fast on the day after Ramadan ends
Isa:
24th prophet of islam. muslims believe he is to be the messenger of God. Believed to have had a miraculous birth. He was a healer of the sick and foretold the coming of the final prophet
Lesser jihad:
The word jihad means to ‘strive’. Lesser is a physical struggle or ‘holy war’ in defence of islam
Mecca:
Islams holiest city, located in Saudi Arabia. Birth place of the prophet Muhammed and where islam originated. Site of the Ka’ba and destination of the annual Hajj. Muslims pray and worship towards mecca.
Mosque:
a communal place of worship for the islamic community
Muhammed:
The final prophet of islam, to whom the Qu’ran was revealed to.
Prophet:
A messenger of Allah. The Qu’ran says theyre 25 prophets of islam, beginning with adam and ending with muhammed
Ummah:
Means community and refers to the worldwide community of muslims who share a common religious identity.
What is the line of communication between prophets and humans?
Risalah
Describe prophet Muhammed life timeline:
Born in Mecca, 570 CE. Orphaned
Got married and had four children, 4 of which died
Was troubled by the corruption in Mecca
Night of power= angle jibril and Quran, revelations followed for 23 years
Began to preach his messages (only one God, thanks through worship, judgement day)
People did not accept his message
Moved away to Yathrib, he was accepted as a prophet (Hijrah)
By 630 CE he marched to the city of Mecca with 10,000 men and conquered the city.
Describe Muslim beliefs about Al-Qadr:
God has a divine and master plan for all of us that is predestined
This is part of his plan for the world
God is omniscient and knows everything into great detail
Attitudes to Al-Qadr comes from the kutub
“if good is willing” phrase used to show submission into God and his will
Describe Muslim beliefs about Akhirah:
Life on earth is preparation for life in the afterlife (akhirah)
Life is a test to peoples behaviour and all will be judged by the actions portrayed
Every human has free will and has the ability to make their own choices
God has given the Quran to guide people to live the life he intended them to live, as well as the Sunnah which is Muhammads actions
Judgement Day, all accountable for their actions
What is Jannah?
When will it happen?
What is its purpose?
State of peace and joy, contains everything dreamed of on earth, Full of sparkling fountains, beautiful garden and delicious food, Some believe there are multiple levels that brings you closer to god “level appropriate to their deeds”
After the sounding of the trumpet by Israfil, the dead are raised and two angles will question each individual. People must recite the Shahadah and lived in full submission(five pillars)
Rewarding those who lived a faithful and moral life. Or for suffering persecution because of faith. Or for fighting in the cause of God.
What is Jahannah
When will it happen?
What is the purpose?
Place of terror, boiling water and fire as well as suffering. Will suffer by being separated by God. Some believe there is redemption and if they repent they may go to paradise
After judgment people will cross a very narrow bridge (siraat), Those who collected more bad than good deeds will fall as they try to cross and fall into terror.
Punishment to those who failed to live faithfully and morally. Also used a deterrent from bad deeds.
What is Niyyah?
Intentions
What is Dunya?
Earthly life
What is being tested by Dunya?
If we are greedy, lacking sympathy, mean or spiteful. Reactions to misfortune, to see if we are frightened or complaint or depressed. Our reaction to good, selfish, conceited, arrogant. Our way of life, dishonest, hurtful, open, loving
Describe Barzakh:
State of waiting between Dunya and Akhirah, once in grave the deceased will be visited by two angels that will ask a series of questions to test their faith, even if one is answered incorrectly then the person will be beat and tortured until Allah will say stop. If all good then they will rest peacefully until Judgement day.
Describe the features of a mosque:
Dome, while its not a ritual requirement some believe it may be symbolic of the vault of heaven
Minaret, tower attached to a mosque that serves as a place where to call to prayer is called, or nowadays it plays internally. also helps locate the mosque
Qibla wall, wall in prayer room that faces the ka’aba in mecca, helps reflect the sound of the prayers back into the prayer room
Mihrab, An alcove in the qibla wall which helps to identify it, required in all mosques, there to indicate where prayers must face
Minbar, a step of steps with a platform in the prayer room, The imam will stand here whilst performing Friday prayers, it enables him to be seen and heard clearly
What is Hajj?
5 pillar of islam and is an obligatory act for those who can afford it and are fit to go. Is held for 5 days and it is required once in peoples life. It recognises key islamic events and to measure the uniqueness and powerfulness of God.
Why is Mecca so significant?
It was the place where:
Ibrihim was gonna sacrifice ishmael
ibrahim was ordered to rebuild the Ka’bah as a place of worship to the one true God.
Remember the story of Muhammed
Describe the practices and rituals involved in the pilgrimage:
Upon arrival, muslims must enter a state of purity (Ihram), where they dedicate themselves to prayer and they put on a special plain garment of white unsewn cloth. They are restricted from cutting their hair, nails and wear perfume or have sex.
They circle the Ka’bah seven times anticlockwise (Tawaf) and drink from the Zamzam well - this reminds them of ibrahims wife where she was desperate for water and an angel took her there. Pilgrims then spend the night and then throw pebbles at the three pillars to represent not giving in to the devils temptations. Sacrificing the animal represents the story (id-ul-Adha). Then men will also shave their heads to show the completion
What is Id-ul-adha and how is it celebrated?
Festival of sacrifice, marks the end of Hajj, opportunity for all muslims to celebrate together, shows importance of personal sacrifice to God.
People will get gifts, new clothes, food prepared and arrangements for the sacrificed animal. Prayers will be said in the mosque and an Id prayer is heard. Friends and relatives join together. It is a sacred duty to give some of the meat to the poor.
What is Id-ul-Fitr and how is it celebrated?
Festival of breaking the fast. Three days of joyful celebrating at the end of Ramadan. Reward for completing the fast. Thanks giving to God for giving Muslims strength to complete it.
Houses will be decorated with colourful banners and lights. New clothes bought. Prayers said and a sermon in mosque. relatives and friends join. Gifts and money given. Charity given.
What is Laylat-ul-Qadr? and how is it celebrated?
Night of power, marks the date when Qu’ran was revealed.
Muslims stay up all night reciting the Quran. Pray and remember Gods mercy and forgiveness. Commit time to study and recite the Qur’an in greater depth.
Reasons for wearing a headscarf/traditional clothing:
Some believe God had instructed them to do so as it commands modesty. Reflects personal devotion to God. Sign of Muslim identity. Many want to express that they can wear the headdress and still have a voice, often viewed as a sign of oppression. May be required in some countries as part of law.
“guard their private parts”
“Male attendants having no physical desire”
