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REL 351 > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

1
Q

According to our in-class discussion, Islam is often known as the “Religion of” what?

A

Religion of Peace

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2
Q

At the very beginning of our discussion on Islam, we listed a number of things Islam specifically forbids. What were the main things we discussed as forbidden by Islam?

A
  • Murder
  • Imposing islam on other people by force
  • Allowing people to act in an unjust way
  • Suicide
  • Killing women children
  • Sneak attacks - Minimum of 4 months
  • Holding secret counsels

They are commanded to do good to all people

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3
Q

When was Allah’s Messenger, Muhammad (PBUH), born?

A

Born 570 CE

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4
Q

Who do Muslims typically believe was the first Muslim?

A

Adam (Adam and Eve)

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5
Q

Based on our in-class discussion, was Muhammad (PBUH) a “restorer” or a “founder” of Islam?

A

Restorer

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6
Q

What, according to our in-class discussion, is the Islamic position on “apostasy” and “restoration”?

A
  • The gospel is based on apostasy and restoration
  • Great apostasy after Jesus. Muhammed restored Christ’s religion.
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7
Q

What is the common phrase usually said after mentioning the name of God’s messenger, “Muhammad” (for which “PBUH” stands)?

A

Peace be upon him

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8
Q

The two main powers in the area in which Muhammad (PBUH) was born were what?

A

Byzantine and Ottoman empire

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9
Q

According to our in-class discussion, Mecca—at the time Muhammad (PBUH) was born—was like what?

A

Was a crazy, kinda poor time

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10
Q

Muhammad (PBUH) was orphaned as a child, his father dying before he was born and his mother passing away around the time he turned six-years-old. Who did his mother initially give him to (four months after his birth)?

A

A local nomadic tribe

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11
Q

According to our in-class discussion, how did the instability during Muhammad’s (PBUH) childhood affect him when he was an adult?

A
  • His father died, then his mother couldn’t support him, then he moved to a tribe, then the mom died, then he lived with his grandfather
  • He became very sympathetic towards the poor
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12
Q

We mentioned a handful of miracles that took place around the time of Muhammad’s (PBUH) birth, or when he was a young child. What were some of those miracles mentioned in class?

A
  • Glowing womb
  • Lame animals are healed
  • Goats give more milk
  • Birds defend incoming army
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13
Q

In what ways was Muhammad’s (PBUH) first marriage counter-cultural?

A

She’s 15 years older and a widow, she proposes to him

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14
Q

How many of Muhammad’s (PBUH) six children survived into adulthood?

A

1 - Fatima

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15
Q

After Khadija died, Muhammad (PBUH) became a polygamist, having how many wives? How many wives does Islam allow a man to have today?

A
  • 13 Women
  • 4 Wives, but you have to love them all exactly the same
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16
Q

In 610 CE/AD, who appeared to Muhammad (PBUH) multiple times, delivering the same message?

A

The Angel Gabriel

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17
Q

In what century did Muhammad (PBUH) “restore” Islam to the earth?

A

7th century

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18
Q

What did the angel who appeared to Muhammad (PBUH) command him to do?

A

Recite the message that has just been given in the name of Allah

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19
Q

What did the angel do when Muhammad (PBUH) disobeyed him?

A

Grab him by the throat and slam him on the ground

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20
Q

What do Muslims call the night on which Muhammad (PBUH) first started receiving revelations from the angel (known as the “Holy Spirit” in Islam)?

A

The Night of Power

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21
Q

What do Muslims believe happens on the 27th night of Ramadan?

A

The heavens and the earth intersect and are closest

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22
Q

When Muhammad (PBUH) began preaching Islam, how was it received in the first 4 years?

A

Very poorly

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23
Q

What do Muslims call the experience that Muhammad (PBUH) had when he was taken from Mecca to Jerusalem, prayed with the various previous prophets (at the temple mount), and then ascended into God’s presence?

A

The Night Journey and Ascension

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24
Q

According to our in-class discussion, what year is generally considered to be the “first year of the Muslim era” or the “beginning of the Islamic calendar”?

A

622 - the year the Angel Gabriel came to him

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25
Q

What proof did Muhammad (PBUH) offer to those who did not believe that he visited Jerusalem and paradise?

A

The Caravan he saw when he was flying back as they were traveling to Jerusalem

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26
Q

In what year did persecution force Muhammad (PBUH) and his followers from Mecca to Medina?

A

622 CE, Need to leave

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27
Q

According to our in-class discussion, what is the holiest of all sites on the planet? What is the second most holy site? And what is the third most holy site?

A
  • Mecca - Place of his birth
  • Medina - His Burial Site
  • Jerusalem - Where he had his vision
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28
Q

According to our in-class discussion, what are some attributes of Muhammad (PBUH)?

A
  • Was a simple man,
  • Was very forgiving
  • Very loved and appreciated
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29
Q

Is Islam monotheistic, polytheistic, monolatrist, monistic, or modalistic?

A

Very monotheistic

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30
Q

What does the Arabic name “Allah” mean?

A

“The God” - He is the only God that has ever existed and ever will exist

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31
Q

According to Islamic belief, which of the following does Islam believe in? That God has a partner, a spouse, other members of a Godhead, children, and/or a son.

A

NONE, he is only one, he needs no help

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32
Q

In an ideal situation, what’s the first thing whispered into a newborn’s ears? And what’s the last thing on the lips of a dying person?

A

The name “Allah”

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33
Q

What, according to our in-class discussion, is the ultimate purpose of life in Islam?

A

Submit and surrender to God

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34
Q

What is the literal meaning of the word “Islam”?

A

To Submit or Surrender

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35
Q

According to our in-class discussion, how do traditional Muslims describe Paradise (or heaven)?

A

Paradise will include things that you love most in mortality
* Like the musicians heaven will be full of music
* The mathematicians heaven will be full of mathematical symmetry and perfection

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36
Q

How do Sufis, as opposed to traditional Muslims, see Paradise (or heaven)?

A

A place where you are absorbed into Allah

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37
Q

According to our in-class discussion, in addition to fire and endless torment/punishment, what is a common metaphor for Hell in the Qur’an?

A

Boiling Water

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38
Q

What, according to our in-class discussion, is “tawheed”?

A

God’s Oneness, or extreme monotheism - He is the only all powerful

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39
Q

What does the phrase “People of the Book” mean (in Islam), who qualifies as one of the “People of the Book,” and what qualifies one to be one of the “People of the Book”?

A
  • They believe in similar things as Muslims, such as having a holy book teaching that there is only 1 God
  • They have favored status, they have a corrupted version of the Quran, but they can still be saved
    • Muslims
    • Christians
    • Jews
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40
Q

According to our in-class discussion, many Muslims believe that trials and blessings are sent from God for what purpose?

A
  • To filter out people, as a test
  • God blesses us with wealth and poverty.
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41
Q

What did we say (in class) the common Arabic phrase, Insha’ Allah, means? And what are the implications of this phrase on one’s agency?

A
  • “If God wills it” - Implies predestination and restricts agency
  • Also implies humility
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42
Q

What does the Arabic word “Qur’an” mean? And, according to our in-class discussion, why is the Qur’an called that?

A
  • “Recitation” or “to recite”
  • When Muhammad received the Qur’an by revelation, Muhammad was illiterate and thus had to recite it to preserve the knowledge.
43
Q

Who, according to Islamic belief, do Muslims believe is the author of the Qur’an?

A

Allah

44
Q

What was Muhammad (PBUH) doing when he received that vast majority of the revelations contained in the Qur’an?

A

Sleeping in his room, in his dream

45
Q

According to our in-class discussion, what is the difference between the “Heavenly Qur’an” and the “Written Qur’an”?

A
  • No difference, exact copy
  • None of Muhammad’s influence
46
Q

To what degree is Muhammad’s (PBUH) influence present in the Qur’an (according to traditional Islamic belief)?

A

Not at all, only God’s words

47
Q

Why, according to our in-class discussion, do Muslims say their prayers, perform their rites, and even try to read the Qur’an in Arabic?

A

Arabic is the language of God

48
Q

How do Muslims feel about the Qur’an in languages other than Arabic? What do they consider those versions of the Qur’an?

A
  • Arabic is the language of God
  • No longer a direct quote of God
49
Q

What, according to our in-class discussion, is the problem with comparing the Qur’an and the Book of Mormon? What did we say would be a better comparison between Muslim and LDS scripture?

A
  • The Book of Mormon came all at once, the Qur’an was received over 22 years
  • Doctrine and Covenants is more similar
50
Q

According to our in-class discussion, it is the “duty” of every practicing Muslim to do three things (in relation to the Qur’an). What were those three things?

A
  • Read Qur’an
  • Understand Qur’an
  • Share Qur’an
51
Q

What are you supposed to do before you open, read, or recite the Qur’an?

A

Wash hands

52
Q

What, according to our in-class discussion, do Muslims do when they run across a passage (or revelation) in the Qur’an that contradictions another passage (or revelation)?

A

Go with the most recent revelation

53
Q

What is the meaning of the Arabic word “Hadīth,” and what are the “Hadīth”?

A
  • Authoritative text - Contains teachings and traditions of the prophet Muhammad
  • 2nd in authority
54
Q

What is the meaning of the Arabic word “Sunnah,” and what are the “Sunnah”?

A
  • “Path” collection of long standing customs and teaching of Islam
  • 3rd in authority
55
Q

What are the “Five Pillars of Islam”?

A
  1. Shahada - The Witness of the Faith
    * “Witness that there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”
    * The mandatory declaration of every convert
  2. Salat - Prayer
    * “In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate
  3. Zakat - Almsgiving
    * Money provides for the poor
    * Helps maintain mosques
    * 2.5% of whole NET WORTH annually
  4. Sawm - Fasting
    * Self restaurant, humility, protection
    * Help others
    * When? During daylight hours of Ramadan
  5. Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca
    * Highest act of devotion a Muslim could engage in
    * Can be done vicariously
    * Time of repentance and submission to God
    * Many take a 125 mile trek to Medina to Muhammad’s Grave
56
Q

According to our in-class discussion, the thing that determines if an act in Islam is accepted by God is the participant’s what?

A

Intent

57
Q

Traditionally, which Muslims pray 5 times and day, and which ones pray 3 times a day?

A

5 Sunni. 3. Shiites

58
Q

In the Islamic version of tithing, how much are faithful Muslims expected to donate to charity annually? And how is this different from the Christian version of tithing?

A

2.5% of whole Net Worth

59
Q

How do Muslims traditionally practice the law of the fast, meaning their approach to fasting is different from, say, the LDS approach to fasting—but how so?

A
  • It is during the day all day, but at night they feast
  • They also fast from more things: food, drink, gum, smoking, sex, etc.
60
Q

What, according to our in-class discussion, can excuse a faithful Muslim from making a pilgrimage to Mecca during the annual Hajj?

A
  • Health concerns
  • Lack of money
61
Q

Where (or what) do many Muslims choose to visit during the Hajj, even though it is not technically part of the pilgrimage?

A

Many make the 125 mile trek north to Medina to the grave of Muhammad

62
Q

What do Muslims do before participating in any rite?

A

A ritual washing

63
Q

What is the meaning of the Arabic term “mosque”? What do you find outside of mosques?

A
  • “A place of prostration” - Prostrate before God
  • A tower outside
64
Q

What is the name of the tower outside of a traditional mosque?

A

Minaret

65
Q

On what day is the Islamic Sabbath?

A

Friday

66
Q

What are Muslims not required to do on their version of the Sabbath? And why?

A

No requirement to not work, Allah doesn’t need rest

67
Q

What is the most popular and most important holiday in Islam, and what does it commemorate?

A
  • Ramadan
  • Commemorates Muhammad’s divine call
68
Q

What do observant Muslims do (during daylight hours) for the entire 30 days of Ramadan?

A
  • Fast
  • Some try to read the whole Qur’an
69
Q

What is the most commonly employed visual symbol of Islam?

A

Crescent moon and Star

70
Q

Why do Muslims bow toward Mecca when they pray?

A

Shows unity & oneness

71
Q

What does touching one’s forehead on the floor (during prayer) symbolize for Muslims?

A

An act of submission to God

72
Q

Why do Muslims refuse to depict God in Islam?

A
  • Non-anthropomorphic
  • Not visible
73
Q

Why do Muslims in the modern era avoid depicting Muhammad (PBUH)?

A

If depicted, there is the risk that people will start worshiping him

74
Q

What (according to our in-class discussion) don’t Muslims partake of, as part of their version of the kosher law?

A
  • No Pork
  • No intoxicants or drugs
75
Q

What is the difference between “prophets” and “messengers” in Islam? Which is the higher of the two? Which one was Muhammad (PBUH)?

A

Messenger is one who restores and brings a book
Prophet is one who interprets the scriptures

76
Q

Who, in class, did we say have been sent as Messengers of Allah?

A

David, Abraham

77
Q

What do Muslims teach about Jesus?

A
  • A big deal
  • One of the greatest messengers of Allah
  • Did many miracles, but not as great as Muhammad’s miracles
  • They believe that he didn’t die, but was translated (Not resurrected)
78
Q

What is the Islamic view of Atonement?

A

Don’t believe in an Atonement
Allah just forgives the sins after proper repentance
Salvation is completely through grace

79
Q

What, according to our in-class discussion, is the difference between the “Greater Jihad’’ and the “Lesser Jihad”? Which of the two does the Qur’an speak of as the primary meaning of “Jihad”?

A
  • Literally means “Struggling” or “Striving
  • The greater Jihad is to battle your own soul, to fight the evil within yourself
  • The lesser Jihad is to physically fight if being threatened
80
Q

What, according to our in-class discussion, is “Sharia Law.”

A
  • A natural outgrowth of people wanting to follow God rather than forcing them to follow the teachings
  • A government is set up based on the teaching of the Qur’an, and people want to follow
81
Q

Though Muhammad (PBUH) is said to have predicted “73 sects” of Islam arising over time, today, there are two major umbrella denominations. What are those two denominations? And which is, by far, the largest of the two?

A
  • Sunni - 87% of Muslims
  • Shi’iah - 13% of Muslims
82
Q

According to our in-class discussion, what are the two major doctrinal differences between these two aforementioned denominations?

A

Sunnis - More orthodox
87% of Muslims
Shi’iah - More ‘pure’
13% of Muslims
Persecuted minority, believe themselves to be much better
Believe leader is sinless and inspired
Most live in Iraq and Iran

83
Q

What does the Arabic word “Caliph” mean?

A
  • “to succeed” or “to come after”
  • Successor of the Great Prophet Muhammad
84
Q

In class, we listed some of the first Caliphs in Islam. We distinguished between which ones Sunnis accept and which ones Shi’ites accept. Out of the list we gave, which ones are accepted by which? And which two did we say are the most important of the Caliphs?

A
  • Abu Bakr - United Muslims after Muhammad’s death
  • Ali - He is admired for his leadership skills, expansion of the Islamic empire
85
Q

Which Islamic denomination sees itself as the “orthodox” sect of Islam? And which one considers itself as the “purest” form of Islam?

A
  • Sunnis - More orthodox
  • Shi’iah - More pure
86
Q

In Sunni tradition, what is an “imam”?

A

Imams in Sunni tradition are prayer leaders

87
Q

What is an “imam” in the Shia tradition?

A

Imams are divinely guided leaders who have been foreordained, and are sinless.
* There have only been 12

88
Q

Who do Sunnis see as the successor to Muhammad (PBUH)?

A

Hold that Abu Bakr, the closest disciple of Muḥammad, should have succeeded him.
* Succession should be by election.

89
Q

Who do Shi’ites see as the successor to Muhammad (PBUH)?

A

Hold that Ali, the son-in-law, should have been Muhammad’s successor

90
Q

Who do Sunnis think the Mahdi (or Messiah) will be?

A

Mahdi (or Messianic figure) will be a future Islamic leader

91
Q

Who do Shi’ites think the Mahdi (or Messiah) will be?

A

The Mahdi is Muhammad Al Mahdi – the 12th Imam.
* He will be a forerunner to prepare the people for Jesus’s 2nd Coming.

92
Q

Who is Muhammad Al Mahdi, what tradition is he important in, and what does he currently do?

A
  • Shi’ite Tradition
  • Hidden Imam: They believe he went into hiding around the year 874 CE/AD and will reappear in the end times as a messianic figure.
93
Q

What does the Arabic word “Shi’a” mean?

A

Shi’a means “party” of Ali (As in they supported Ali taking leadership of Islam after Muhammad’s death)

94
Q

What is Sufism?

A

Muslim mystics looking for a spiritual experience

95
Q

What did Sufism grow out of?

A

They are typically Sunnis—a denomination within a denomination.

96
Q

Where do Sufis believe that God is located?

A

He is omnipresent, and thus has no 1 physical location

97
Q

What do Sufis believe about the meaning of the Qur’an?

A

Much more spiritual and deeper than the literal face value meaning

98
Q

According to our in-class discussion, most Muslims are not Arab; they are what?

A

Most live in South Asia

99
Q

According to our in-class discussion, what is the “Sword of Islam”?

A
  • Islam sought to eradicate all non-muslim faith via violence
  • Not true, is a misconception
100
Q

According to our in-class discussion, is it an actual formal/universal teaching of Islam that women must wear veils or hijab?

A

Not actually in the Qur’an, more just a cultural thing

101
Q

According to our in-class discussion, why is it that the Qur’an allows men to marry non- Muslim wives, but it discourages women from marrying non-Muslim husbands?

A

Because the culture of the time said that the man rules in the home, so if a muslim woman marries a non-muslim man, then the other religion will rule in the home

102
Q

According to our in-class discussion, do suicide bombers go to paradise? And do they receive a reward of “72 virgins” for dying as a “martyr”?

A

No, it was a changed translation

103
Q

In class, I mentioned several reasons why Islam has grown (and is growing) so fast. What were those reasons?

A
  • High conversion rates
  • Appealing lifestyle
    • Clean living
    • Family oriented
  • High birth-rates
104
Q
A

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