Islam

Question 1

The contribution to Islam of Aisha

Development of Islamic Theology

Answer 1

• Aisha was key to spreading and keeping the survival of Islam with her knowledge
• Aisha has contrubted to the compilation of Hadiths (over 2000)
• After the death of Muhammad, believers came to Aisha for verification of what they had heard (Hadith), confident in her judgement as she was close to the propphet and her intelligence
• Muhammad refers to Aisha as final resource in theological matters - this endorement by the Prophet/promotes and assists Aisha’s religious authiryt and riole in Islam after Muhammad’s death

Question 2

The contribution to Islam Aisha

Display of social values associated with the ideal of Muslim life

Answer 2

• Develops, explains and califires fara’id (daily duties and rituals of a Muslim)
• Charity to the poor (zakat)
  Unmaterilistic - familial weath, tattered clothes, minimal living, simplicity, self - discipline
• Development and perception of islam benefits from her exemplifcation (act of giving) of the values asscociated with the ideal Muslim life

Question 3

The contribution to Islam Aisha

Role model for both genders parituclar women

Answer 3

• Aisha is a model of intellect and indepence in women while remaining a faithful Muslim
• Confronted misogyny of her time
  Vocally challenges patricarchy and potentially marginlisaing statements (women invalidate prayer)
• Role model ofr absolute obedience and submission
• Promoted education for women
• Her life and contributions offers resources to Muslim women that provide alternatives to negative stereotypes of Muslim women

Question 4

The contribution to Islam Aisha

Teacher of others

Answer 4

• She was important in helping women to gain education and can be seen as a leader in this area
• Aisha was exceptionally intelligent with daily contact to Muhammad
• Lifelong advocate for educating Muslim women (opened Madrasa (Islamic school for women) in her home
• Aisha possessed skills of intelligence, assertiveness and humbleness to convey knowledge to audiences
• Aisha stood up against injustice, unfairness, and courageously defended what she believed in in accordance with Islam
• Commands enormous respect from people of her loyalty to revelations of Prophet and defence to ehr faith

Question 5

The Effect Aisha has on Islam

Influence on Qur’anic verse

Answer 5

• Aisha was a source of authority as after Muhammads death she influence the developemnt of Islam theology
• Assisted in forming the story of Islam (preserving tradtion and having impact on development)
• Was instructed by Muhammad to remember the Quran
• She achieved status of Hafiz
• Was a witness to several revelations
• Revelation 1 - Aisha accused of adultery but Muhammad recieved a revelation which resulted in any further charge of adultery from anyone would need four witnesses
• Revelation 2 - involved Aisha losing necklace and Aisha didn’t have water to perform wudu when prayer was required. Now Muslims are able to use fine dust and sand when water is not available

Question 6

The Effect Aisha has on Islam

Establishment of Islamic practices

Answer 6

• followed and implememnted haram and halal food (alcohol is haram)
• Aisha embodied the guidelines ofr living as set down in the Quran and described by Haith in practising the 5 pillars of faith
• Aisha believed in the teachings of Allah and followed the 5 pillars to submit fully to him
• She not only memorised Quran but understood it (encourages people to read and understand Quran

Question 7

The Effect Aisha has on Islam

Source of hadiths and jurisprudence

Answer 7

• The hadith has become a text that offers models of desirable attitudes and bheaviour and a guide for decision making in Islam
• Aisha transmitted over 2000 hadiths through theological questions, legal and rital issues and incidents in the community, interpretation of sacred text (exegise)
  Aisha became a source of knowledge and wisdom for both men and women when transmitting hadith
• Aisha possessed the understandings to graspt the signifcnace and the principles of Muhammad’s teachings
• Her hadiths , relfection of the time she spent with the messanger of God continue to give adherents insight
• Utilised the Quran and Hadith as a sourc eof law

Question 8

Islamic Ethical teachings

Source of ethical teachings

Qur’an

Answer 8

The first step in the process of discernment will always be the Quran
The Quran is the authority that places limits on the decisions of other authorities in Islam
It is not possible to be accepted if it clearly contravenes “An artificial arrangement or development” aspect of the Quran

Question 9

Islamic Ethical teachings

Source of ethical teachings

Sunna and the Hadith

Answer 9

Beyond the Qur’an is the collections of traditions and actions from Muhammad which are Sunna and Hadith

Hadith - contains words and statements of Muhammad

Sunna - Contains words, actions as well as pre-Islamic practices he approved.

Sunna is the practices of the prophet and haith is a collection of words and practices from the Prophet.

These traditions convey the words and actions of Muhammad. Muslims consider these traditions to be valuable where the Quran is not explicit or derailed in a given area.

Question 10

Islamic Ethical teachings

Source of ethical teachings

Ijma (consensus amongst religious leaders)

Answer 10

Ijma is a reliable form of Qiyas which draws the decisions of renowned scholars from history. These scholarly judgments are known as Ijma.

Ijma is the universal and mistaking agreement of either Muslims communities as a whole or Muslim Scholars - deciding as a collective what is halal and haram

Such judgements are regarded as being reliable and authentic given their proximity to the life and teaching of the Prophet himself. - is important factor in Sunni Islam

Question 11

Islamic Ethical teachings

Source of ethical teachings

Qiyas - (comparison with teachings of the Qur’an or Hadith)

Answer 11

The first Qiya is essentially the exercise of a personal judgement on an issue (Ijtihad) the Ijtihad is permitted there is a clear risk of an individual’s judgement being clouded by own perspective and often by their own involvement in the matter

Question 12

Bioethics

What are Islamic Bioethics?

Answer 12

Islamic bioethics refers to Islamic guidance on ethical or moral issues that are related to medical and scientific fields - those dealing with the human life

Question 13

Bioethics

With Islamic bioethics what is the premise that Muslims must follow?

Answer 13

Within bioethics, adherents must follow the premise of complete submission to the will of Allah.

The following quote supports this “Verily, this Quran guides to that which is best, and gives glad tidings on the beliers who do good that theirs will be a great reward” (17:9)

Question 14

Bioethics

A balance of which two components are required to address bioethical issues as they arise in the world?

Answer 14

Islamic bioethics is an ongoing process which aims to address the issues as they arise in the modern world with a balance of a sound Scriptural basis and relevance to the will of Allah

Ethics and bioethics will remain with the context of the Quran and the Sunna will always be a guiding force to Islam and adherents. This includes variants with Submission to the will of God as a focal point.

Question 15

Bioethics

What are Islamic bioethics and jurisprudence a call to?

Answer 15

Bioethics and jurisprudence is a call to a vulture with human beings considered as God’s viceregents (deputy, pastor, Pope) on earth

Stewardship and the care of a human person as God’s creation remains the most important in all matters of interpreting Islamic law, and embraces the first pillar of Islam (Shahadah) as the fullness of complete submission to the will of Allah

Question 16

Type of Islamic ethical teaching and link to bioethics

Ikhlas al niyah (purity of intention)

Organ donation

Answer 16

Ikhlas (purity of intention) are a secret between a human and Allah

Ikhlas acquire right intentions and the right action of whether the action is done in private or public

Donation of organs is considered an act of charity, benevolence, altruism and love for mankind
According to ISLAM, god loves those who love fellow humans

In the case of a living donor, the principle of ‘doing no harm’ is invoked. The donor cannot give a vital organ, risking their own life. This would be an act of suicide which is a destable sin in Islam

Quotes

” Deeds are according to their intentions and every person will receive according to what he/she intended” - Bukhari

“Whoever saves a life it would be as if he saved mankind entirely” (surat Al-Ma’idah 5:32)

Question 17

Type of Islamic ethical teaching and link to bioethics

Istislah and maslaha (seeking of the common good)

Vaccination

Answer 17

The Islamic principle of Maslaha may be translated “preventing harm” or “benefit” for individuals and the society as a whole, emphasising the principles of social justice, peace and human development

The vaccine for the coronavirus is permissible according to the islamic law as there is no known religious harm attributed to being vaccinated

Vaccines will be considered necessary if there is possible risk to humans not receiving vaccinations. There is a religious obligation to preserve human life that has been honoured by Allah.

Muslims have a duty to protect themselves and communities from harm and that vaccination is one of the methods of preventing the spread of diseases.

Quotes

“Help ye one another in righteousness and piety” Qur’an 5.22

“Let there arise out of you a band of people inviting all that is good, enjoying what is right and forbidding what is wrong” Qur’an 3,104

Question 18

Type of Islamic ethical teaching and link to bioethics

Sanctity of life (Hurmah) and therapeutic stem cell research

Stem Cells

Answer 18

Stem cell research and treatment is viewed by the medical community as the future for curing many diseases

The future treatments will be able to bring better quality of life for mankind.

Research on stem cells made possible by biotechnical intervention is regarded as an act of faith in the ultimate will of God as the giver of all life, as long as an intervention is undertaken with the purpose of improving human health

Quotes

Muhammad ordered Muslims to seek cure for disease - “Allah did not create a disease without creating a cure for it except senility, so sons of Adam seek cures but do not use haram”

“Where the welfare of people resides, there redies the statute of God”

Question 19

Type of Islamic ethical teaching and link to bioethics

For every disease there is a cure

IVF

Answer 19

The basic Islamic principle permits person facing adversity to use all lawful means to resolve their complications, whilst have their trust in Allah to help them achieve their goal at the same time

Infertile couples are encouraged and instructed to seek cures for their fertility.

IVF is permitted in Islam, if the semen source, ovum source and the uterus come from the legally married husband and wife during span of marriage

Having a child is a blessing from God and all such blessings should be accepted with joy and gratitude.

Muslim society had the paramount feature of attachment to family

IVF is a cure for infertility
Scholars favour IV F and say that the children are born in the will of Allah even through IVF

Quote

“For every disease Allah has created a cure except death, so oh children of Adam, seek cure for your ailments” - Muhammad

Question 20

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Describe one significant practice of Hajj

Answer 20

Hajj is the annual Pilgrimage to Mecca and performing other related rituals. This is required once in the lifetime of a Muslim

The Hajj to Mecca is a central duty in Islam as it’s origins date back to the time of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) Hajj is one of the 5 pillars of Islam that must be performed once in a lifetime for those who are financially and healthy wise able to do it
It is a journey occurring two months and ten days following the completion of Ramadan (During the month of DhulHijjah)

The spiritual meaning of Hajj is more than just connecting with the historical context of Islam. It is a form of collective worship and a way of establishing a connection with monotheism, its human legacy symbolised by Abraham and Adam, the first human

It consists of several ceremonies aimed at reinforcing the main concepts that define the Islamic faith, and commemorates the trials of Prophet Abraham and his family
It is considered as a renewing and perfecting one’s faith and true submission to Allah
It is a process of spiritual self - development by abandoning one’s home, comforts and amenities in life
It is a disconnection from affairs in the world and pleasure and embraces total connection with the creator
It teaches complete submission to the divine will through completing rites without questioning God’s commandment

Abraham is an exemplar for monotheism and is a mentor for believers in One God. His faith and submission to Allah was equal to the faith of the whole nation as described in the Qur’an. Most Hajj rituals are Abrahamic due to this.

Question 21

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Describe one significant practice of Hajj

Ritual of Hajj - Circumambulating the Ka’bah seven times (Tawaf)

Answer 21

There is a deep significance behind the choice of seven rotations around Kaaba, in the Arabic language the number 7 means completion. According to the holy Quran, there are seven heavens in the entire universe.

The first chapter of the Holy Quran is considered to complete the entire of the Islamic teachings and contains seven verses. There are seven days in a week, additionally there are seven gates of hell. By completing each circuit with pure intentions, pilgrims symbolically close the gates of hell one by one and subside all forms of evil.

Muslims believe that Ka’bah was the first place of worship built by the first human and the first prophet, Adam. It was later rebuilt on the same foundations by Abraham and his son Ishamel, and declared as a shrine dedicated to monotheism. Abraham called on people to make pilgrimage on the site

Pilgrims glorify God by going around the Ka’bah as though saying “Just as we are circling the one and only Ka’bah the oldest place of worship on Earth, we only one you the Absolute one worthy of worship’

A common act in the universe is that all entities orbit around a central point. The solar system orbits the centre of the Milky Way. Muslims join in this cosmic ideal of worship and are in sync with the universe and all existence by circling the Ka’bah

Question 22

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Describe one significant practice of Hajj

Ritual of Hajj - A fast walk between Safa and Marwa (Sa’y)

Answer 22

At Hajj, pilgrims walk the same distance Hagar did thousands of years ago. This Hajj rite is called Sa’y. Sa’y consists of 7 laps. It starts from Safa and finishes at Marwa. It is a reenactment of the Biblical and Quranic story of Hajar’s desperate search for life - giving food and water

Ritual centred on the traditional of Hagar and Ismail’s wandering in the desert looking for water
The angel Jibril appeared and showed her a spring. The spring became the water supply for desert travellers.

Allah aided Hagar and Ismail at their greatest time of need. Pilgrims travel on the walkway between the hills of Safa and Marwah which symbolises the search for things of true and lasting value to the Muslim. It is also the ultimate realisation that Allah will provide all that is needed

Question 23

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Describe one significant practice of Hajj

Ritual of Hajj - The Stand before Allah (Wuquf)

Answer 23

Lasting from noon through sunset, this is known as Wuquf. It is one of the most significant rites of Hajj. Pilgrims offer Dhor and Asr prayers together at noon. A pilgrims Hajj is considered invalid if they do not spend the afternoon on Arafat.

Question 24

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Describe one significant practice of Hajj

Ritual of Hajj - The Feast of Sacrifice (Nahr)

Answer 24

This reenactment of the story of Abraham who in the place of his son, sacrificed a sheep that God had provided. The slaughtering of the sheep is symbolic of the sacrifices one makes in devoting one’s life to God. In the Quran, Abraham is referred to as the first Muslim for this reason. A Muslim is someone who submits to Allah. The meat from the slaughtered sheep is distributed to family, friends and the poor within the community. Money given for Nahr is given to charity

Question 25

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Hajj expresses the beliefs of Islam

Belief - Tawhid (belief in the oneness of God)

Answer 25

• The essence of Islam is to submit to the will of Allah
• Tawhid expresses the monotheism encompassed in Islam
• It forbids Muslims in believing in more than one God (polytheism)
• Tawhid is the foundation for everything, meaning Allah is omnipotent (unlimited power) and omnipresent (present everywhere)
• Allah is the sustainer and source of guidance

Hajj Ritual - Tawaf

Keeping the Ka bah in the centre signifies keeping Allah in the focal point of adherents life
The black stone is the only remaining stone preserved from the original Ka bah. Muslims do not associate any supernatural powers with the black stone but take it as a symbol of God’s unity

There is a deep significance behind the choice of seven rotations around Kaaba, in the Arabic language the number 7 means completion. According to the holy Quran, there are seven heavens in the entire universe.

The first chapter of the Holy Quran is considered to complete the entire of the Islamic teachings and contains seven verses. There are seven days in a week, additionally there are seven gates of hell. By completing each circuit with pure intentions, pilgrims symbolically close the gates of hell one by one and subside all forms of evil.

Question 26

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Hajj expresses the beliefs of Islam

Belief - Mala’ika (Angels)

Answer 26

• Angels of Allah is part of the fundamental of Islamic faith
• Mala’ika are special invisible creatures of Allah which were created before Adam for the sole purpose of obedience to Allah
• Allah uses angela as his messengers
• Angel Jibril (Gabriel) carried Wahi (messenger of Allah) to Muhammad for a period of almost 23 years. These messages contained the holy Quran

Hajj ritual - A fast walk between Safa and Marwa (Sa’y)

Ritual centred on the traditional of Hagar and Ismail’s wandering in the desert looking for water
The angel Jibril appeared and showed her a spring. The spring became the water supply for desert travellers. The city of Mecca came to be built at the location. Allah aided Hagar and Ismail at their greatest time of need. Pilgrims travel on the walkway between the hills of Safa and Marwah which symbolises the search for things of true and lasting value to the Muslim. It is also the ultimate realisation that Allah will provide all that is needed

Question 27

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Hajj expresses the beliefs of Islam

Belief - Rusula : Prophethood

Answer 27

• Clarifying to humanity the purpose of creation - worshipping God and obeying his commands as well as clarifying that this life is a test for each individual, a test which results in the decision of ones life after death
• Providing human beings practical examples to lead moral, righteous, and purpose driven lives free of doubts and confusion
  Purifying the soul from materialism, sin and heedlessness
• Establishing evidence against humanity by sending prophets so people will not have an excuse when they will be questioned on the Day of Judgement. They will not be able to portray ignorance to the purpose of their creation and life after death

Hajj ritual - The Feast of Sacrifice (Nahr)

• Sacrifice symbolises the preparedness of Muslims to sacrifice all personal needs, wants and aspirations in service of Allah
• A Muslims life is totally at the service of Allah even to the cost of one’s own life if necessary
• The sacrifice calls to mind Ibrahim’s submit to Allah in resisting the temptations of the devil and being prepared to sacrifice his son (Isma’il)
• Ibrahim was visited by the devil as he set for Medina in obedience to Allah
• The devil argue powerfully that Ibrahim did not need to sacrifice his son
• Ibrahim remained faithful to Allah and continued his way to offer Isam’il as a sacrifice only to be stopped by Allah at the last moment

Question 28

One Signifcant practice

Hajj

Hajj expresses the beliefs of Islam

Belief - Al-Akhira (Day of Judgement and Afterlife)

Answer 28

• Al Akhira (Day of Judgement)
• Believing in Akhirah (life after death) is one of the basic components of faith
• According to Islamic Shariah Akhirah is the Day of judgement when each individual will be judged for their deeds in the world
• To believe in Akhirah means that this world will end one day and everyone will be gathered before Allah on the Day of Judgement
• Those who followed the path set by Allah will be rewarded and those who did not will be punished

Hajj Ritual - The Stand Before Allah (Wuquf)

The central moment of Hajj is known as the Wuquf. This takes place at Arafat at the mount of mercy

Pilgrims meditate, pray and concentrate their thoughts on Allah during the stand

The sermon is preached on the top of Arafat. The mount of mercy is where Adam and Even sought restoration and forgiveness
Pilgrims seek forgiveness of their sins and experience at the beginning of new life

Great repentance as part of the Hajj takes away all past sins and allows the muslim Pilgrim to feel cleansed and free form past transgression., this means a new start and a great sense of peace and wellbeing is perfect to submit to Allah

The word Arafat “awareness” and pilgrims feel a tremendous presence of God almighty there

Question 29

Hajj

Significance for the individual

Fulfilment of a duty to God

Answer 29

Hajj is undertaken for Allah and the fulfilment of the duty prescribed to Allah.

This aids individuals to become “Whole” once again after cleansing themselves of the many sins they accumulate over the course of their lives

These are all signs of certain inner qualities; that you love and fear Allah more than anything, you will have a strong sense of duty to Him, that you are willing to respond to his summons and ready to sacrifice your material comforts in his cause. Hajj helps keep alive the memory of humanity’s final standing for judgement before their Lord and Judge

Each step within Hajj highlights the importance and sacrifice each individual is willing to take for these specific outcomes. Successful completion of Hajj promotes Quranic fulfilment and purification of faith

Hajj reinforces beliefs of Islam such as Angels and Sa’y through devout, reconnect and strengthening personal relationship with Allah and cleansing conscience “Praying at Mount of Mercy

“The reward for Hajj is nothing but Paradise” - Hadith

Question 30

Hajj

Significance for the individual

Sense of equality with humankind

Answer 30

Hajj aids adherents to break various barriers such as race, language, ethnicity and colour that causes a division and helps them create a unity of single human family based on the recognition of Allah as the creator and sustainer of all life.

Unification of people’s minds and hearts towards the same purposes “ to please Allah and to have sins forgiven”

The prayers on the plain of Arafat (Stand before Allah) creates a sense of equality with humankind for the individual as all pray amongst one another, laying bare souls before Allah through their own individual prayers

During the ritual, all participants experience the extent of complete physical submission to allah, regardless of who they are

This is prominent in creating a sense of equality for the individual as it shows that all Muslims have the same duty to completely submit to the will of Allah

The Ihram garments (white cloth) represent the equality of individuals before Allah. This encourages individuals through a deepened understanding of Allah’s judgement to value each member of the Umma and wider Muslim community equally.

The ritual of Tawaf unites individuals in circumambulation of the Ka Bah under the shared purpose of keeping Allah central in life

“Common prayer on Arafat” - “There is nothing that deserves to be worshipped in truth except Allah, his alone and has no partner” - repeated

Question 31

Hajj

Significance for the individual

Fulfilment of the Five Pillars

Answer 31

Hajj is one of the 5 pillars of Islam

Pillars guide the Muslim in the way of submission to the will of Allah. Hajj is the perfection of faith, and combines itself all the distinctive qualities of other obligatory acts of prayer, patience, privation of amenities of life, devotion, zakat, sacrifice and supplication

Shahada - is expressed through Tawar - declaration of faith as the pilgrims circumambulate the Ka bah (here i am at your service Of God, here I am)

Salat - E xpressed on the plains of Arafat through reflection, meditation and prayer and seeking forgiveness. This is pilgrims’ direct communication with Allah

Zakat - Zakat is expressed through Nahr where pilgrims organise and pay for a sacrificed animal, where meat is distributed to family and poor

Sawm - is expressed through moderation of behaviour throughout Hajj y being state of Ihram (sacred state)

“Whoever performs Hajj and stays away from lewdness, wrangling and obscenities will come home like a newborn” Hadith

Question 32

Hajj

Significance for the individual

Pride and vanity will disappear

Answer 32

The pilgrim of hajj is trained to completely forget materialistic comforts and glamour’s of the worldly life

Avoids using oil, scent, perfume. Wearing only two pieces of unsown cloth, does not cut hairs and nails, he keeps himself busy day and night worshipping Allah and carrying out the rituals of Hajj

Take off your colourful clothes, put on simple ones, Do not wear socks, keep hands bare, do not use perfume or comb hair, do not use any kind of adornment. Stop sexual relations. Do not unt. Ths influences an adherent to adopt an attitude of self-discipline and pride and vanity will disappear

Putting a pilgrim in Ihram (scared state of mind) symbolises the positions that the pilgrim puts himself in the world before God, they must come as a beggar and destitute as in outward appearance so in the depths of your heart.

“You are all sons of Adam and Adam is created from dust” All adherents are equally humbled before Allah

Question 33

Hajj

Significance for the community

Reassures adherents of the strength of Islam as a faith tradition

Answer 33

The Hajj attracts over two million Muslims from countries throughout the world. Hajj promotes a profound overwhelming sense of diversity of Islam

Hajj promotes the submission to the will of Allah and reassurance of his omnipotence, omnibenevolence, and omnipresence

When Muslims perform hajj, a community of adherents are professing truth of the human story as well as Allah’s commission

Stand before Allah on Arafat connects pilgrims at the beginning of human story (Adam and eve)

On the plain Arafat, Adam and eve were given by Allah after wandering on Earth in concussion ad unhappiness

Adherents gather in this spot annually in order to seek this same forgiveness and to be cleansed.

Throwing stones are the three pillars in Mina showing defiance against the devil’s temptations showing Allah an act of faith

By doing this and partaking in hajj their faith is strengthened and they are able to submit to Allah through hajj and show complete faith to him

“O people! Your lord is on, your father is one. You are all sons of Adam and Adam is created from dust” - Prophet Muhammad

Question 34

Hajj

Significance for the community

Unifying power of Islam

Answer 34

Hajj shows he unifying power of Islam
The particular nature of Hajj means that pilgrims mix across the lines of ethnicity, nationally, sect and gender that divides them in everyday life

Through performing the rituals of Hajj, adherents are reminded how Muhammad and other prophets were able to establish a deep and personal relationship with God

Hajj strengthens spirit of unity, equality, brotherhood and sisterhood within the World Wide umma

Hajj is a unifying experience for Muslims :

Ihram - during the state of Ihram money, status is no longer important which ensure equality of a person before Allahl during the hajj

Tawaf - the whole community moving together

Sa’y - walking in unity between Safa and Marwa

Wuquf - reminder of the day of judgement

The rituals provide pilgrims with perfect uninterrupted experience of Islamic values (peace, equality, reverence and humility

“The pilgrimage also enables Muslims from all around the world of different colours, languages, race and ethnicities to come together in spirit of universal brotherhood and sisterhood to worship the one God together” - The Council on Islamic Education

Question 35

Hajj

Significance for the community

Preparation and involvement of the community

Answer 35

The connection of the community with a pilgrim undertaking the Hajj provides an additional element of spiritual and community focus during the time of Hajj means to strength and deep umma life

Before Hajj, Muslims should redress all wrongs, pay all debts, plan enough money for their journey, leave enough money for their family and behave well on Hajj

Umma is involved with the preparation of pilgrims before they leave
Community involved in supporting family member of the pilgrim

Nahr - the giving to the community (sacrifice)
Living religion through physical rituals - Nahr outside mecca, animals are sacrificed to show how Allah provided an animals so Abraham did not have to sacrifice Ishamel

The meat is used to feed pilgrims and is sent to poor in other countries

Zakat is expressed through Nahr where pilgrims pay and organise beast to be slaughtered and shared

Sacred sites in hajj

Medina and Mosque of the prophet
Medina is considered a special place in the heart of Muslims as it was the first city to welcome Muhammad
The Mosque of the prophet Medina contains Muhammads grave and graves of first 2 caliphs

“The believing men and believing women are allies of one another. They enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and establish prayer and give charity and obey Allah and his messenger” - Surat al-Tawbah 9:71

Question 36

Hajj

Significance for the community

Inspiration of Hajji (men) and Hajja (women)

Answer 36

Honorific titles of Hajji (men) and Hajja (women)

Hajji and Hajja often given special respect in Umma

Eid Al- Adha (festival of sacrifice) commemorates accomplishment and special opportunity to have social gathering among family and friends. It is a special atmosphere of peace, respect and giving and receiving as well as sharing and caring

Hajji and Hajja speak of spiritual uplift as well as feeling positive mentally and emotionally.

They pray that such inspiration will remain an ongoing source of spiritual connection and motivation. Paramount witness to the essence of Islam and the principles of Islam expressed in undertaking the Hajj

Upon return, the Hajji shares stories and experiences with their local community providing means and strength to umma

“So when you have accomplished your rites of Hajj, remember Allah so you remember your forefathers or with a far more remembrance” - AlBaqarah 2:200