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Echo Lecture Sem 2 > Ischemia > Flashcards

Ischemia Flashcards

1
Q

Name the branches of the coronary arteries

A
  • Left Anterior Descending
  • Left Circumflex
  • Right coronary Artery
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2
Q

What does the LAD supply

A
  • LAD supplies blood to anterior wall of LV, IVS, and Apex
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3
Q

What does LCX supply

A

Supplies blood to the lateral and posterior portion of LV

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4
Q

What does RCA supply

A

Rv and inferior wall of LV

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5
Q

Name the base segments of LV 1-6

A

1) basal anterior wall
2) basal anteroseptal wall
3) basal inferoseptal wall
4) basal inferior wall
5) basal inferolateral wall
6) basal anterolateral wall

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6
Q

Name the mid segments of the LV 7-12

A

7) mid anterior wall
8) mid anteroseptal wall
9) mid inferoseptal wall
10) mid inferior wall
11) mid inferolateral wall
12) mid anterolateral wall

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7
Q

Name the apex segments of the Lv 13-16

A

13) apical anterior wall
14) apical septal wall
15) apical inferior wall
16) apical lateral wall

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8
Q

On 4ch, what coronary arteries share supply

A
  • LAD and CX share supply on the lateral walls
  • RCA and LAD share supply on septal walls
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9
Q

What CA’s share blood supply on 3ch

A

RCA and CX on inferolateral walls

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10
Q

What is myocardial ischemia

A
  • inadequate bloody supply vs o2 demand
  • leads to loss of normal contractile performance (hypokinesis)
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11
Q

2 types of coronary artery disease

A

Arteriosclerosis: abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls

Atherosclerosis: a form of arteriosclerosis which is thickening of vessel walls due to a buildup of lipids

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12
Q

Symptoms of CAD

A
  • CP
  • SOB
  • Fatigue and Weakness
  • palpitations
  • edema
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13
Q

What are the risk factors that could can CAD

A
  • smoking
  • Hypertension
  • hyperlidiema
  • family history of cad
  • diabetes
  • Obesity
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14
Q

What are collateral coronary arteries

A
  • network of tiny blood vessels that are not open under normal conditions
  • activate if CA’s narrow too much
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15
Q

What are the 4 types of diagnostic testing for CAD

A

1) electrocardiogram
2) stress testing
3) coronary angiography
4) noninvasive imaging of coronary arteries

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of stress testing

A

1) physiologic stress exam
2) pharmacological stress exam

17
Q

What pharmacologic drugs are used for stress testing

A
  • dobutamine (vasodilator)
  • inotrope (contractility)
  • atropine (increase heart rate if dobutamine is not enough to get to max heart rate)
18
Q

Myocardial injury’s affect

A
  • injured cells will die unless blood flow can be restored
  • tissue death (necrosis)
19
Q

What are infarcted cells

A
  • cannot respond to electrical impulses
  • do not provide any mechanical function
20
Q

What is transmural MI

A
  • when the entire myocardium is affected and damaged from a MI
21
Q

What is subendocardial MI

A

When the innermost layers of the myocardium are damaged from an MI

22
Q

What angina pectoris

A
  • chest pain
  • occurs when heart muscle isn’t Getting as much blood as it needs (ischemia)
23
Q

What are signs of acute coronary syndrome

A
  • ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
  • Non ST segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
  • aortic dissection
  • pericarditis
  • pulmonary embolism
24
Q

What specific cardiac bio markers detect myocardial necrosis

A
  • Troponin (protein that help the muscle contract)
  • Creatine kinase (enzymes released in blood if have an MI)
25
Q

What is an angiography

A

A medical diagnostic technique to visualize the the inside, or lumen, or blood vessels and organs of the body

26
Q

What is a percutaneous coronary intervention

A

A stent being placed within the coronary arteries
Used to treat atherosclerosis

27
Q

How can we evaluate acs with echo

A
  • evaluate regional wall motion abnormalities
  • estimate EF
  • evaluate cardiac hemodynamics: diastolic dys, pulmonary pressures, cardiac output

Echo Lecture Sem 2 (2 decks)

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