Ischaemic Heart Disease Flashcards
Define ischaemic heart disease.
Part of the myocardium dies due to lack of oxygen. This results in chest pain and reduced efficiency. It can be caused by a thrombus or an embolus.
Explain the aetiology/risk factors of ischaemic heart disease.
Smoking
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Family history
Hypertension
Summarise the epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease.
Epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in Europe, accounting for more than 4 million deaths each year. This corresponds to 45% of all deaths; 49% among women and 40% among men.
Recognise the presenting symptoms of ischaemic heart disease.
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Epigastric discomfort
Pain radiating to the jaw or arm
Nausea/vomiting
Perspiration (diaphoresis)
Fatigue
Recognise the signs of ischaemic heart disease on physical examination.
Tachycardia
S3
Mitral regurgitation murmur
Bibasilar rales
Aortic outflow murmur
Carotid bruit
Diminished peripheral pulses
Signs of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Retinopathy seen on fundoscopic examination
Xanthomas or xanthelasma
Identify appropriate investigations for ischaemic heart disease and interpret the results.
CXR
ECG
Echocardiogram
Troponin
Creatine kinase
BNP
FBC
Urea and serum creatinine
LFT
BM
Generate a management plan for ischaemic heart disease.
Determine the cause of the ischaemic heart disease.
Potentially give oxygen and anti-platelets in the acute phase.
Identify the possible complications of ischaemic heart disease and its management.
Brain damage due to hypoxia. Decreased quality of life due to dyspnea during exercise.
Summarise the prognosis for patients with ischaemic heart disease.
Increased risk of further cardiac events in the future. The risk varies depending on personal factors.