Ischaemic Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define ischaemic heart disease.

A

Part of the myocardium dies due to lack of oxygen. This results in chest pain and reduced efficiency. It can be caused by a thrombus or an embolus.

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2
Q

Explain the aetiology/risk factors of ischaemic heart disease.

A

Smoking
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Family history
Hypertension

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3
Q

Summarise the epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease.

A

Epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in Europe, accounting for more than 4 million deaths each year. This corresponds to 45% of all deaths; 49% among women and 40% among men.

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4
Q

Recognise the presenting symptoms of ischaemic heart disease.

A

Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Epigastric discomfort
Pain radiating to the jaw or arm
Nausea/vomiting
Perspiration (diaphoresis)
Fatigue

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5
Q

Recognise the signs of ischaemic heart disease on physical examination.

A

Tachycardia
S3
Mitral regurgitation murmur
Bibasilar rales
Aortic outflow murmur
Carotid bruit
Diminished peripheral pulses
Signs of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Retinopathy seen on fundoscopic examination
Xanthomas or xanthelasma

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6
Q

Identify appropriate investigations for ischaemic heart disease and interpret the results.

A

CXR
ECG
Echocardiogram
Troponin
Creatine kinase
BNP
FBC
Urea and serum creatinine
LFT
BM

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7
Q

Generate a management plan for ischaemic heart disease.

A

Determine the cause of the ischaemic heart disease.
Potentially give oxygen and anti-platelets in the acute phase.

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8
Q

Identify the possible complications of ischaemic heart disease and its management.

A

Brain damage due to hypoxia. Decreased quality of life due to dyspnea during exercise.

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9
Q

Summarise the prognosis for patients with ischaemic heart disease.

A

Increased risk of further cardiac events in the future. The risk varies depending on personal factors.

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