IS Unit 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Enumeration:
Types of Computer Systems
A
- Microcomputer SYSTEMS
- Midrange SYSTEMS
- Mainframe SYSTEMS
2
Q
Personal computers, network computers, technical workstations, personal digital assistants, information appliances, etc.
A
Microcomputer Systems
3
Q
Network servers, minicomputers, web servers, multiuser systems, etc.
A
Midrange Systems
4
Q
Enterprise systems, Superservers, transaction processors, supercomputers, etc.
A
Mainframe Systems
5
Q
It is the most important category of computer systems for both businesspeople and consumers. Although usually called a personal computer, or PC, a______is much more than a small computer for use by an individual as a communicator device.
A
Microcomputer Systems
6
Q
________is the generic name given to all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of a computer system but are not part of the CPU.
A
Peripherals
6
Q
Extremely powerful systems designed for Scientific, engineering, and business applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations.
A
Supercomputer Systems
7
Q
Keyboards are still the most widely used devices for entering data and text into computer systems. However, _______are a better alternative for issuing commands, making choices, and responding to prompts displayed on your video screen. They work with your operating system’s graphical user interface (GUI),
A
Pointing Devices
7
Q
_______depend on direct connections or telecommunications links to the central processing unit of a computer system.
A
Peripherals
8
Q
Enumeration:
Kinds of Pointing Devices
A
- ELECTRONIC MOUSE
- TRACKBALL
- POINTING STICK
- TOUCH PAD
8
Q
A ______ (also called a trackpoint) is a small button-like device, sometimes likened to the eraser head of a pencil.
A
POINTING STICK
9
Q
Is the most popular pointing device used to move the cursor on the screen, as well as issue commands and make icon and menu selections
A
ELECTRONIC MOUSE
9
Q
Is a stationary device related to the mouse.
A
TRACKBALL
9
Q
The ______is a small rectangular touch-sensitive surface usually placed below.
A
TOUCH PAD
9
Q
it is a model for allowing convenient, on demand access from anywhere to a shared pool of computing resources.
A
CLOUD COMPUTING
10
Q
Enumeration:
Types of Software
A
- System software
- Application software
- Programming software
- Middleware
10
Q
_________are software applications designed to help individuals manage personal information, such as contacts, calendars, tasks, notes, and sometimes
A
PERSONAL INFORMATION MANAGERS
11
Q
A software that helps workgroups and teams collaborate to accomplish group assignments.
A
GROUPWARE
11
Q
__________ in software refers to the efficient allocation and utilization of resources such as CPU, memory, storage, and network bandwidth.
A
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
12
Q
___________in software involves organizing, storing, retrieving, and manipulating files and data within a computer system.
A
FILE MANAGEMENT
13
Q
___________in software involves organizing, tracking, and prioritizing tasks or activities to ensure efficient completion of goals and projects.
A
TASK MANAGEMENT
13
Q
Computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run.
A
Microsoft Windows
13
Q
Who developed Microsoft?
A
Bill Gates and Paul Allen (1975)
14
Q
Date that Windows 1 released.
A
1985
15
Date that Windows 3.1 released.
1992
16
Date that Windows 95 released.
1995
17
Date that Windows NT released.
1995
18
Date that Windows 98 released.
1998
19
Date that Windows XP released.
2001
20
Date that Windows Vista released.
2006
21
Date that Windows 7 released.
2009
22
Date that Windows 8 released.
2012
23
Date that Windows 10 released.
2015
24
Low-cost, powerful, reliable, UNIX-like operating system
Linux
25
Developed as free or low-cost shareware or open-source software over the internet in the 1990s by Linus Torvald of Finland and millions of programmers
Linux
26
Multitasking, multiuser, network-managing OS whose portability allows it to run on mainframes, midrange computers, and microcomputers.
Unix
27
Software with source code that anyone can access.
Open-Source Software
28
Developed by AT&T
Unix
28
A programming language for creating Web pages
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
28
developers collaborate on the development of an application using programming standards that allow for anyone to contribute to the software.
Open-Source Software
29
A page description language that creates hypertext or hypermedia documents
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
30
A programming language used to develop mobile apps, web apps and much more.
Java
31
A programming language that supports information exchange between computer systems.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
31
An object-oriented programming language created by Sun Microsystems
Java
32
The word "calculate" is derive from _______, the Latin word for __________.
- calculus
- small stone, pebbles, beads
32
It is a developer platform with tools and libraries for building any type of app.
collection of programming support
.Net
32
Software components that are based on a framework of Web and object-oriented standards and technologies for using the Web that electronically link the applications of different computing platform.
Web Services
33
Computer comes from Latin word ______that means _________
- Computare
- To compute, To recall
34
teraflops mean?
trillions of floating-point operations per
34
First computing tool
Abacus
34
gigaflops mean?
billions of floating-point operations per
35
The use of symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and distributed shared memory (DSM) designs for smaller numbers of interconnected microprocessors has spawned a breed of ___________ with prices that start in the hundreds of thousands.
Minisupercomputers
35
Enter data and instructions into the CPU.
Input Devices
36
Enumeration:
Kinds of Input devices
- Keyboard
- MOUSE
- TOUCH screen
- Optical Scanner
- Voice Recognition
37
2 parts of CPU (Central Processing Unit)
- CONTROL Unit
- Arithmetic-Logic Unit
38
Interprets instructions and data processing.
Control Unit
38
Performs arithmetic operations and makes comparisons.
Arithmetic-Logic
39
Stores data and program instructions during processing.
Primary Storage (Memory)
40
Enumeration:
Kinds of Secondary Storage Devices
- Magnetic Disks
- Tape Units
- Optical Disks
40
Stores data and programs for processing.
Secondary Storage Devices
41
Communicate and records information.
Output Devices
42
Enumeration:
Kinds of Output Devices
- Visual Display Unit
- Printer
- Audio-Response
- Physical CONTROL Devices
43
They convert data into electronic form for direct entry or through a telecommunications network into a computer system.
Input
44
Disadvantages of Semiconductor Memory
- small size
- great speed
- shock and temperature resistance
44
The primary storage (main memory) of the computer consists of microelectronic.
Semiconductor memory
44
Computer processors may also include storage circuitry called ________for high-speed, temporary storage of instructions and data elements.
Cache Memory
45
They converted electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end users.
Output
45
Each memory position can be both sensed (read) and changed (written), so it is called read/write memory. This is a volatile memory.
RAM (random-access memory)
45
The CPU is the main __________component of a computer system.
Processing
46
Nonvolatile RAM chips are used for permanent storage.
ROM (read-only memory)
46
Its registers and other circuits interpret software instructions and transmit directions that control the activities of other components of the computer.
Control
46
Types of Semiconductor Memory
- RAM (random-access memory)
- ROM (read-only memory)
47
These memory chips are most widely used primary storage medium.
RAM (random-access memory)
47
PROM means?
programmable read-only memory
47
EPROM means?
erasable programmable read-only memory
47
Uses small chips containing thousands of transistors that can be programmed to store data for virtually unlimited periods without power.
Flash Memory
47
_______can be read but not erased or overwritten.
ROM (read-only memory)
47
other term for flash drive?
jump drive/thumb drive
47
Permanently burned into the storage cells during manufacture.
firmware
48
A ________ costs a lot less than the total cost of buying its individual packages.
Software suite
48
__________is stored on networked mail servers until you are ready.
E-mail
48
Programs that help users develop information system programs and procedures and prepare user programs for computer processing.
System Management Programs
48
Their programs are designed to work seamlessly and import each other's files easily, no matter which program you are using at the time.
Software suite
48
Enumeration:
Operating System Functions
- User interface
- resource management
- Task management
- File management
- Utilities and SUPPORT services
48
It is an e-mail/computer conferencing hybrid technology that has grown so rapidly that it has become a standard method of electronic messaging.
Instant Messaging (IM)
48
Composed of programs that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities.
System Software
48
A ________is a website of personal or noncommercial origin that uses a dated log format updated daily or very frequently with new information about a particular subject or range of subjects.
Weblog
48
They are the companies that own, operate, and maintain application software and the computer system resources (servers, system software, networks, and IT personnel) required to offer the use of the application software for a fee over the internet.
Application service providers (ASPs)
48
It is a style of computing in which software, and some cases, virtualized hardware resources are provided as a service over the Internet.
CLOUD COMPUTING
48
part of OS that allows you to communicate with it so you can load programs, access files, and accomplish other tasks.
User Interface
48
Programs that manage the hardware, software, networks, and data resources of
computer systems during the execution of the various information processing
System Management Programs
48
Integrated system of programs that manages the operations of the CPU, controls the input/output and storage resources and activities of the computer systems,
and provides various supports services as the computer executes the application programs of users.
Operating Systems (OS)
49
Enumeration:
Types of User Interface
- command-driven
- menu-driven
- graphical User interface
50
An operating system uses a variety of_________ programs to manage the hardware and networking resources of a computer system, including its CPU, memory, secondary storage devices, telecommunications processors, and input/output peripherals.
Resource Management
51
An operating system contains __________ programs that control the creation, deletion, and access of files of data and programs, may also involves keeping track of physical location of files on magnetic disks and other secondary storage devices.
Task Management
52
Providing a variety of support services
Utilities and Support Services
53
Is a task management approach that allows several computing tasks to be performed in a seemingly simultaneous fashion?
Multitasking
54
Type of multitasking that the task management functions parcel out CPU time.
Preemptive multitasking
55
for smaller server applications, including file and print sharing, Internet and intranet connectivity, and centralized desktop application deployment.
Windows Server 2008, Standard Edition
56
Type of multitasking that allows each program to control the CPU.
Cooperative multitasking
57
For business-critical and mission-critical applications demanding the highest level of scalability and availability.
Windows Server 2008, Datacenter Edition
58
For larger business applications, XML Web services, enterprise collaboration.
Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Edition
58
For Web serving and hosting, providing a platform for developing and deploying Web services and applications.
Windows Server 2008, Web Edition
59
The "yellow pages" directory of all Web services and how to locate and use them.
UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and
Integration)
59
XML-based protocol of specifications for connecting applications to the data.
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
60
2 types of Software
- Application software
- system software
60
Directs the performance of a particular use, or application, of computers to meet the information processing needs of users.
Application Software
61
They require the use of variety of programming packages to help programmers develop computer programs and language translator programs to convert programming language instructions into machine language instruction codes.
Programming Languages
61
General term for various kind of programs used to operate and manipulate.
Software
61
General-purpose application programs perform common information processing jobs for end users.
Application Software
61
Controls and supports the operations of a computer system as it performs various information processing tasks.
System Software
61
Major category of system software
Programming Languages
61
processes electronic signals into discrete values, of which there can be two or more
Digital Devices
61
Encompasses the range of electronic tools, systems, devices and resources used to generate, store or process data.
Digital Technologies
62
Used to identify software applications that are developed within an organization for use by that organization.
Custom software
62
Is developed with the intention of selling the software in multiple copies.
COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) software
62
The physical parts of computing devices, those that you can actually touch.
Hardware
63
Known as a group of eight bits.
Byte
63
A blending of the two words binary and digit
Bit
63
Many electronic devices process signals into two discrete values, typically known as _________
Binary
63
Number of bits that can be processed by a computer's processor at one time.
Word Size
64
The speed (clock time) of a CPU is measured in _________
Hertz
65
One of the founders of Intel
Gordon Moore
66
The number of integrated circuits on a chip doubles every two years.
Has been generalized into the concept that computing power will double every two years for the same price point.
Moore's Law
67
A Taiwanese American billionaire businessman and electrical engineer.
Serves as president and CEO of the Nvidia Corporation, which he co-founded in 1993.
Jen-Hsun "Jensen" Huang
68
Done by adding an expansion card to the computer that enabled the network.
Network Interface Cards (NIC)
69
Exchanges data over short distances of 10 meters up to 100 meters using radio.
Bluetooth
70
System of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs).
Integrated Computing
71
The ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
Internet of Things (IoT)
