Is this Organic?

Question 1

Sustainable Org Prod System (Based on)

Answer 1

1. Intrinsic characteristics (eg. pecking of chickens)
   
   2. Natural Cooperation to design “full ecosystems”
   3. Participatory Approach
      Leading to Food-, Cash-, Soil-, Social and Cultural Security

Question 2

Goethe/Aristotle 4 Kingdoms

Answer 2

Mineral, Plant (vegetative soul) , Animal (sensitive soul), Human (rational soul)

Question 3

Cooperation

Answer 3

Mutually beneficial relation between 2 elements (eg. companion planting, windbreak, Mychorriza, N-fixing legumes)

Question 4

Conversion Period

Answer 4

Transition period from conventional to Organic to eliminate chemical residue

Question 5

EU Organic Crop Requirements

Answer 5

1. organic plant materials/seeds
2. crop rotation (every 2 years)
3. Organic manure (min 65% ‘A’)
4. Certain pesticides allowed (copper, sulphur)
5. Production in soil (no hydroponics)
6. Mechanical + fire weed control allowed

Question 6

Allowed pesticides OA

Answer 6

Copper (6kg/ha), sulphur, neem

Question 7

Biodynamic Farming

Answer 7

Organic farming 2.0

1. No hybrid seeds
2. Max 112 kg animal N/Ha
3. No animal byproducts
4. No GFT composting
5. BD-preparations
6. No Copper
7. moon calendar

Question 8

BD Preparations

Answer 8

mineral, plant, or animal manure extracts, usually fermented and applied in small proportions to compost, manures, the soil, or directly onto plants, after dilution and stirring procedures called dynamizations.

Question 9

Aristotle’s 3 souls:

Answer 9

Plants - Vegetative soul (reproduction + growth)
Animals - Sensitive soul (mobility + sensation)
Humans - Rational soul (thought + reflection)

Question 10

Mychorizza

Answer 10

symbiotic relationship between plant and fungus. Role of the fungus in the plant’s rhizosphere, its root system.

Question 11

Horn Manure

Answer 11

Packing cow manure (preferably from lactating cow) into cow horns and plant in ground in Autumn.

Question 12

Humus

Answer 12

Decomposed organic matter. Decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms,

Question 13

Nitrogen Flows in Ag System

Answer 13

Enters: animal feed, rain/dust, N-fixing legumes, NPK fertilizer, Manure,
Exits: Decomposition, leaching/erosion, ploughing, volatilization (vaporization)

Question 14

Green Manure

Answer 14

Leaving uprooted /sown crops to wither on a field so they serve as a mulch (usually cover crops)

Question 15

Trophic Level

Answer 15

number of steps an organism is from the start of the chain (Level 1 = plants, + 3 levels of consumers, Level 5 = predator)

Question 16

Mutualism

Answer 16

symbiosis where both species benefit from the interaction. (3 types: inhabit, exhabit & indirect)
Help species avoid negative impact(s) (not that there is a direct benefit)

Question 17

3 approaches to weed management

Answer 17

direct (weeding, burning)
cultural (mulching,
strategic (rotation)

Question 18

Mulch

Answer 18

a covering, as of straw, compost, or plastic sheeting.
Benefits:
1. prevent weeds 
2. insulate soil (evaporation + erosion)
3. enrich soil