Course Literature

Question 1

6 approaches to nature (Wim Zweers)

Answer 1

DESPPU

1. Despot
2. Enlighted Despot
3. Steward
4. Partnership
5. Participant
6. Unio Mystica

Question 2

4 sustainability metrics (Reganold, OA 21st century)

Answer 2

SEEP:
Social Well-being
Economic Viability
Environmental Impact
Productivity

Question 3

Organic Management Practices (Reganold, OA 21st century)

Answer 3

(BBCCDPW):

1. Balanced Nutrient Supply
2. Balanced species diversity
3. Crop/Livestock Rotation
4. Crop/Livestock Health
5. Disease Control
6. Pest Control
7. Weed Control

Question 4

OA Profitability Factors (Reganold, OA 21st century)

Answer 4

CCLRP:
Crop yields
Labour + total costs
Price premiums
Reduced income potential (during transition)
Cost savings

Question 5

Policy Instruments for eliminating barriers to OA (Reganold, OA 21st century)

Answer 5

1. Knowledge-Based Instruments
2. Financial Instruments
3. Legal Instruments

Question 6

Organic Crop Soil Ph (Comparing Yields: Conventional vs Organic, Seufert et al)

Answer 6

Organic crops perform better on weak-acidic to weak-alkaline soils (pH between 5.5. and 8.0)

Question 7

Mutualism (Crop Communities, Gliessman)

Answer 7

Species dependent on each other for optimal development.
1. Inhabitational (biological N-fixation (Rhizobium))
2. Exhabitational (polination)
3. Indirect (polyculture)
Increase resistance of entire system to negative impact of weed, pests, diseases.

Question 8

Covercrop Benefits (Crop Communities, Gliessman)

Answer 8

• suppression of weeds/insects/pathogens
• soil fertility (green manure & living mulch)
• soil structure (shielding + water infiltration)

Question 9

Holistic Resource Management (HRM)

Answer 9

Mimic animals in natural grazing systems. Periodic disturbances by grazing/trampling when needed.

Question 10

Crop Community Emergent Qualities

Answer 10

characteristics - community level. eg. Productivity, stability, sustainability, autonomy

Question 11

Green Manure

Answer 11

cover crop tilled into soil

Question 12

Living Mulch

Answer 12

cover crop grown directly w/ other crops

Question 13

Polyculture

Answer 13

Example of Mutualism. More than 2 species grown together. Examples = intercropping, cover cropping , strip cropping &permaculture.

Question 14

Allelopathy (Crop Communities)

Answer 14

chemical inhibition of one plant by another