IS 3120 CHAPTER 3 DEFINITIONS Flashcards
Software that is used for PCs and workstations to mimic an IBM SNA mainframe terminal device.
3270 terminal emulation
A communications protocol that network devices use to find a Link Layer address (MAC address) from a NETWOK Layer address (IP address).
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Loss or degradation of electrical signal
Attenuation
The collection of all nodes that are connected to the same set of repeaters, hubs, switches, and bridges.
Broadcast domain
A network device that combines the functionality of a switch/bridge and a router. The device uses MAC addresses for local devices and IP addresses for remote devices.
Brouter
A network layout that starts with a central high-speed cable. The main cable runs throughout the organization’s physical space and provides accessible connections anywhere along its length.
Bus topology
A mathematical calculation that verifies the length and integrity of the transmitted Ethernet frame to a destination.
Checksum
Refers to a network that sets up a circuit for each conversation. All messages during the conversation follow the same path from source to destination.
Circuit-switched
An application that allows multiple users to communicate online as a group.
Collaboration
Any time two or more network nodes transmit messages at the same time. A collision results in a garbled message.
Collision
Physical method to link network devices together.
Connection medium
The amount of time it takes for a network to find and initiate a backup or redundant link in the event of failure of a primary link.
Convergence
The media access control mechanism for how network-attached devices listen to the network before transmitting with collision detection.
CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection)
A device located between a DTE device and a data transmission circuit. The DCE device converts a DTE signal into a transmission format for the attached circuit. A modem is a common DCE device.
Data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE)
A device that converts user input to signals, and converts received signals into user output. DTE devices normally allow users to interact with computer systems.
Data terminal equipment (DTE)
A terminal device that does little more than send and receive sequences of characters to and from a host computer.
Dumb terminal
An alliance of standards and trade organizations for electronics manufacturers in the US. EIA changed its name to Electronic Industries Alliance in 1997. EIA ceased operations as a unified organizations of February 11, 2011, but its member organizations still operate independently.
Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
Same as IEEE 802.1q. where Ethernet Frames are “labeled” with a “tag number” to designate a specific VLAN.
Ethernet tagging
A remotely accessible network that an organization makes accessible to its business partners and suppliers through the public Internet. An extranet is a secure network that requires proper access controls and authentication before granting access.
Extranet
The ability to encounter a fault, or error, of some type and still support critical operations.
Fault tolerance
A network layout that uses Layer 2 switching only and has no addressing hierarchy.
Flat topology
A term used to describe a Data Link Layer from format such as Ethernet v2.0 or IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD etc..
Frame
A network topology in which all nodes are directly connected to every other node.
Fully connected mesh
A network device that connects tow networks that use different protocols.
Gateway
Refers to a computer system that consists of a central powerful computer with many users that connect directly to it.
Host-based
A simple network device with multiple ports that echoes every message it receives to all ports.
Hub
A network layout that contains several different topologies.
Hybrid topology
Standard for VLAN tagging
IEEE 802.1q
Standard for the Ethernet LAN specification.
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD
Power over Ethernet standard and specification up to 15.4 watts of electrical power.
IEEE 802.3af-2003
Power over Ethernet standard and specification up to 25.5 watts of electrical power.
IEEE 802.3at-2009
Standard for 4Mbps/16Mbps token ring LANs.
IEEE 802.5 token ring
A real-time communication application supported by SIP; it offers text messaging between users.
Instant message (IM chat)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
The interconnecting of two or more LANs or networks.
Internetworking
An internal network, generally only accessible from locations in an organization’s physical space.
Intranet
A term used to represent the OSI model Data Link Layer.
Layer 2
A term used to represent the OSI model Network Layer.
Layer 3
A picture of how networks transfer data between nodes.
Logical topology
A network device that creates the MAC address table by learning where all the MAC layer addresses are of other devices.
MAC layer bridge
A network layout in which all nodes are directly connected to most, or all, other nodes.
Mesh topology
The number of connections required in a fully connected network is proportional to the square of the number of devices. The formula to calculate the number of wires you need to connect all devices in a network with in devices is: n(n-1)/2
Metcalfe’s law
A hardware device that connects a computer or other device to network media.
Network adapter
A hardware device that connects a computer or other device to network media.
Network interface card
A hardware device that connects a computer or other device to network media.
Network interface controller (NIC)
A process through which a node gains access to a wireless network running WEP and access files that are not encrypted.
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
A small, easily managed chunk of a network message. Networks often chop up messages and transmit each chunk separately.
Packet
Refers to a network that chops up network messages into smaller chunks and sends each chunk, or packet, separately. Each packet can take a different path from source to destination.
Packet-switched
A network layout in which network nodes connect to only some of the other nodes.
Partially connected mesh
The number of steps a message takes to get from the sender to the receiver.
Path length
A picture of the actual network devices and the medium the devices use to connect to the network.
Physical topology
Voice-grade telephone service network. POTS generally refers to the analog predecessor of today’s telecommunication networks.
Plain old telephone service (POTS)
Refers to a network layout in which computers or devices are directly connected to one another.
Point-to-point
An IEEE standard for providing electrical power to an IP phone from an Ethernet switch in the wiring closet..
Power over Ethernet (PoT)
Voice-grade telephone service network. POTS generally refers to the analog predecessor of today’s telecommunication networks.
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
A technology that exchanges data through a wireless connection between a reader and a tag attached to product to track the movement of the product.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
Another term for redundancy or failover; specifically, a condition in which a network can can “bounce back” from failures because its Physical Layer media, Layer 2 network access functions, and Layer 3 forwarding and addressing functions have hot-swap redundancy.
Resiliency/Resilience
A network layout in which each computer connects to two other computers. The computers connect to one another in a virtual ring.
Ring topology
A device that operates at OSI Layer 3 (Network Layer) to determine the destination address for network messages.
Router
A set of EIA standards for serial binary data and control signals that connect DTE and DCE devices. It is a common standard used for computer serial ports.
RS-232
A communication method in which a device sends individual characters, one at a time.
Serial communications
A network protocol that identifies infinite loops in switched networks and helps devices direct packets around loops.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
A network layout in which a central network device connects to all other network devices.
Star-wired topology
A network device that receives a message, examines the destination address, and sends the message directly to the destination (or directly to the next device nearest to the destination).
Switch
By far the most popular set of standards used today to communicate over networks, this suite of protocols takes its name from the most common two protocols at its core: Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.
TCP/IP (Internet Protocol) suite
A device that has a keyboard and a monitor that connects to a computer system and interacts with it.
Terminal
A special message that authorizes a device to transmit.
Token
An estimate of the total direct and indirect financial costs associated with a product or service.
Total cost of ownership (TCO)
A network protocol that guarantees the delivery of a reliable stream of data between two computer programs. It operates at OSI Layer 4.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A group of network nodes that are logically grouped together to form a single broadcast domain.
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
