Iron - health and disease

Question 1

what is the Fenton reaction?

Answer 1

Fe2++ H2O2→ Fe3++ HO• + OH− (Fenton reaction)

Question 2

iron requires to be?

Answer 2

regulated

Question 3

the body has no means of ——— of iron?

Answer 3

excretion

Question 4

where is majority of body iron found?

Answer 4

in haem

Question 5

what is harm?

Answer 5

porphyrin ring and iron

Question 6

where does iron aborpstion mainly occur?

Answer 6

mainly duodenum

Question 7

what is duodenal cytochrome B?

Answer 7

it is found in l uminal surface and this reduces ferric iron to ferrous form

Question 8

what is DMT-1?

Answer 8

transports ferrous iron into the duodenal enterocyte

Question 9

what is ferroportin?

Answer 9

it facilitates iron export from the enterocyte

passed on to transferrin for transport elsewhere

Question 10

what is hepcidin?

Answer 10

the major negative regulator of iron uptake

Question 11

where is hepcidin production?

Answer 11

it is produced in liver in response to increased iron load and inflammation

Question 12

hepcidin binds to?

Answer 12

ferroportin and causes its degradation

Question 13

iron is therefore trapped in

Answer 13

duodena, cells and macrophages

Question 14

hepcidin levels ——— when iron deficient

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

why do we asses functional iron in hemoglobin?

Answer 15

because that is where the bulk of the iron that is going to be used is

Question 16

how do we asses transport iron/iron supply to tissues?

Answer 16

%saturation of transferrin with

Question 17

what is the main protein that transfers iron around the body?

Answer 17

transferrin

Question 18

how do asses storage iron?

Answer 18

serum ferritin

tissue biopsy

Question 19

what is empty transferrin called?

Answer 19

alpo-transferrin

Question 20

transferrin transports —- from donor tissues such as macrophages, intestinal cells and hepatocytes to tissues expressing —————

Answer 20

iron

transferrin receptors

Question 21

which area is especially rich in transferrin receptors?

Answer 21

erythroid marrow

Question 22

what does transferrin saturation measure?

Answer 22

serum iron/total iron binding capacity(to transferrin) x 100 %

Question 23

what does transferrin saturation reflect?

Answer 23

proportion of diferric transferring (high affinity for cellular transferrin receptors)

Question 24

ferretin is a

Answer 24

spherical intracellular protein

Question 25

what does ferritin store?

Answer 25

up to 4000 ferric ions

Question 26

ferritin is a ——- measure of storage iron

Answer 26

indirect

Question 27

serum ferritin also acts as an?

Answer 27

acute phase protein so goes up with infection, malignancy etc.

Question 28

what are the consequences of negative iron balance?

Answer 28

1. exhaustion of iron stores
2. iron deficient erythropoiesis - falling red cell MCV
3. microcytic anaemia
4. epithelial changes

Question 29

what are epithelial changes that could occur as a consequences of negative iron balance?

Answer 29

skin
koilonychia
angular stomatitis

Question 30

hypo chromic microcytic anaemias is?

Answer 30

deficient hemoglobin synthesis

Question 31

haem deficiency examples?

Answer 31

low body iron
anaemia of chronic disease (normal body iron)
congenital sideroblastic anaemia

Question 32

examples of globin deficiency?

Answer 32

thalassemia

Question 33

iron deficiency can be confirmed by a combination of?

Answer 33

anaemia (decreased hemoglobin iron) and reduced storage of iron (low serum ferritin)