Iron Deficiency Anemia/Anemia of Chronic Disease Flashcards
RBC appearance in this anemias
Hypo Micro
Iron trail
Ingestion: 10-20mg consumed, 1-2 absorbed
Absorption by enterocytes, released by ferroportin
Transported via transferrin
Storage as ferritin
Serum Iron
Total amount of iron in blood
TIBC
potential for iron binding/ max amount of iron available to bind to transferrin
SI + unsaturated iron binding capacity
% saturation
Amount of transferrin carrying a full iron load
SI/TIBC * 100%
Ferritin
Storage form of iron
50:50 split btwn tissues & blood
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP/ZZP)
is there excess protoporphyrin as compared to Fe
Iron deficiency anemia causes
Increased Fe loss
Decreased Fe intake
Increased Fe demand
Absorption issues
Teflon coated pans
Iron deficiency anemia symptoms
Pallor, fatigue, koilonychia, picophagia, dysphagia
Stage 1 iron deficiency
asymptomatic, using ferritin reserves, no change to SI levels
Stage 2 iron deficiency
likely also asymptomatic, ferritin reserves become exhausted and SI starts to be used.
Stage 3 iron deficiency
Symptoms begin. No ferritin or Si remain. Red cells show alteration to size and chromia
IDA treatment
Identify causes, add iron (dietary/supplements)
Takes 6-7 months to replace stores
Changes in bone marrow with IDA
Decrease in sideroblast, RBC precursor cytoplasm (scant and raggedy), extra mitotic division of erythroblasts
Increase or decrease in plts in IDA
increase
Pathology of ACD
Secondary condition>mild sideropenia (low iron)>abundant iron stores (high ferritin)>starts normo normo>ends hypo micro
What is/does hepicidin
Protein involved in regulation of serum & storage iron levels
Produced by liver
Inactivates ferroportin to decrease iron release from cells
ACD treatment
Discover underlying cause of inflammation
Administration of EPO in conjunction with iron for developing cells to use
TIBC in IDA vs ACD
IDA=inc
ACD=dec
% saturation in IDA vs ACD
IDA=dec
ACD=normal
Causes of hemochromatosis
Primary=gene mutations that cause excessive iron loading despite elevated stores
Secondary=anemias resulting in inc RBC production and faulty Hb production, alcoholism, repeated transfusions
Symptoms of hemochromatosis
Joint pain, memory fog, abdominal pain, heart murmurs. Treated with therapeutic phlebotomy
What does excess iron cause
oxidative damage to cells, DNA and proteins
