Hypoproliferative anemia

Question 1

Characteristics of hypoproliferative anemia

Answer 1

Decreased RBC count
Hypocellular bone marrow
pancytopenia
normo normo

Question 2

3 causes of bone marrow failure

Answer 2

Destruction of hematopoietic precursors
Early apoptosis of hematopoietic precursors
Infiltration of bone marrow space with non-hematological cells or fat

Question 3

Symptoms of hypoproliferative anemia

Answer 3

Pallor, weakness, fatigue, inc bacterial/fungal infections, bleeding and easy bruising if thrombocytes affected.

Question 4

Aplastic anemia condition

Answer 4

hypocellular bone marrow. destruction of hematopoietic islands and replacement with fat

Question 5

Myelophthistic anemia condition

Answer 5

hypocellular bone barrow. replacement of hematopoietic islands with fibrotic or cancer cells.

Question 6

Clinical findings in aplastic anemia

Answer 6

Pancytopenia with Hb <10g/dl
Reticulocytopenia
PNH=rare

Question 7

What is PNH

Answer 7

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Rare hemolytic anemia caused by clonal hematopoietic stem cell mutation making cells susceptible to lysis by complement.

Question 8

Effect of HbF in aplastic anemia

Answer 8

HbF has higher affinity for O2 and holds O2 longer so it is prevented from being released into tissues until PO2 is lower than normal. Left shift. Compensated with inc EPO

Question 9

Fanconi anemia

Answer 9

Early childhood (5-10)
all cell lines impacted
survive until ~30

Question 10

Anemia of blackfan & diamond

Answer 10

Onset ~8 weeks old
Pure red cell aplasia and severe anemia
survive until ~40
Death due to tx/Fe overload

Question 11

Aplastic anemia treatment

Answer 11

Immunosuppressive therapy, sibling bone marrow transplant, removal of offending agent

Question 12

Characteristics of Myelophthistic anemia

Answer 12

Leukoerythroblastic blood picture including left shift in all cell lines, nRBCs, and tear drop cells.

Question 13

Treatment for myelophthistic anemia

Answer 13

Removal of tumors, radiation, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant

Question 14

Characteristics of renal insufficiency/HUS

Answer 14

Dec RBC count, renal impairment, thrombocytopenia, schistocyte, burr cells

Question 15

Differentiating ARI from HUS

Answer 15

ARI has kidney failure, HUS follows E. coli or diarrheal illness.

Question 16

Blood picture of HUS/ARI

Answer 16

Dec platelet count
burr cells and schistocytes
ARI=fewer polychromatophilic cells