Iron Deficiency And Other Hypoproliferative Anemia Flashcards
…………is the most common hypo-proliferative anemia followed by ………….
Iron deficiency anemia IDA
Anemia of inflammation AI
Iron deficiency anemia is hypoproliferative
It’s normocytic normochromic before becoming microcytic hypochromic
The anemias associated with……….are characterized by suboptimal erythropoietin response to anemia
Renal disease
Inflammation +Cancer
Hypometabolic states
patients with anemias associated with high levels of ineffective erythropoiesis absorb excess amounts of dietary iron
Over time, this may lead to iron overload and tissue damage
Normally, an adult male will need to absorb at least…….. of elemental iron daily to meet needs, while females in the childbearing years will need to absorb an average of………
1 mg
1.4 mg/d
As long as transferrin saturation is maintained between …………….and………….. is not increased, use of iron stores is not required.
20 and 60%
erythropoiesis
Iron must be taken up by the luminal cell This process is facilitated by the ……………..which maintains the iron in solution
Acidic contents of the stomach
When…………are given together with food, the amount of iron absorbed is reduced
ionizable iron salts
Globally,………% of anemia is attributable to iron deficiency
50
By definition, marrow iron stores are absent when the serum ferritin level is……….
<15 μg/L
Once the transferrin saturation falls to…………., hemoglobin synthesis becomes impaired
iron deficiency anemia; The transferrin saturation at this point is…………..
15–20%
10–15%
…………cell shape in iron deficiency anemia
Target
كأنما گلةيي كةد ، اويشد بدوين ،فقط ئةو نقطة حديد و هيمو گلوبينة ديرم لة ناوراست
Misshapen red cells (poikilocytes) appear on the blood smear as cigar- or pencil-shaped forms
A cardinal rule is that the appearance of iron deficiency in an adult male means …………..until proven otherwise
GIT blood loss
The normal range for the serum iron is …………the normal range for TIBC is……………, ferritin…………..
50–150 μg/dL
300–360 μg/dL
30 μg/L
ئاسن دوواني
ئاسن سيياني
فيرسسسسس /تسسسسس/ارا عبركردن
فيرك/ ارا خزن كردن لأن قورسة تا دةرنةچد
Protoporphyrin is an intermediate in the pathway to heme synthesis
Normal values are <30 μg/dL of red cells; In iron deficiency, values in excess of 100 μg/dL are seen
This laboratory test has been proposed to distinguish between iron deficiency and the anemia of inflammation
Serum Levels of Transferrin Receptor Protein
Which is elevated in absolute iron deficiency
The distinction between true iron-deficiency anemia and the…………… is among the most common diagnostic problems encountered by clinicians .
anemia associated with chronic inflammation
Iron deficiency anemia treatment
Oral iron
Gastric disease/iron solution
Parenteral iron therapy (Iron –dextran complex, Sodium ferric gluconate ,Iron sucrose ,Iron carboxy maltose ).
A useful test in the clinic to determine the patient’s ability to absorb iron is the
iron tolerance test
علاقة
Anemia of chronic inflammation
مع
EPO
لأنه لا يستعمل الحديد بصورة صحيحه فلا يستجيب ل اريثروپويتن
Ferroportin
Hepcidin
فد ناقل مصادر ، من الخلايا المعوية الى الدم
هرمون ينتجه الكبد وتؤثر بصورة سلبية على الي فوق
Mechanisims of anemia rising in CHRONIC INFLAMMATION/INFECTION
1/Hepcidin,👆, in inflammation and acts to suppress iron absorption + release from storage sites.
serum ferritin values increase threefold over basal levels in the face of inflammation
2/Interleukin 1 (IL-1) directly (👇 EPO production )in response to anemia.
3/IL-1, acting through accessory cell release of interferon (IFN), suppresses the response of the erythroid marrow to EPO—
4/Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), acting through the release of IFN by marrow stromal cells, also suppresses the response to EPO.
Acute infection can produce a fall in hemoglobin levels of …………..within 1 or 2 days; this is largely related to………….
2–3 g/dL
the hemolysis of red cells near the end of their natural life span
