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Chemistry > Iron > Flashcards

Iron Flashcards

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1
Q

Gut Involvement in Iron Metabolism

A

Decrease stomach pH solubilizes Fe-containing compounds
Transport molecules facilitate absorption into blood

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2
Q

Blood Involvement of Iron Metabolism

A

Fe3+ bound to Transferrin and transported to tissues
- Maintains solubility
- Keeps Fe unreactive

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3
Q

Cells Involvement with Iron Metabolism

A

Transferrin endocytosis is receptor mediated
Results in Fe3+ release
Fe distributed in cells

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4
Q

Usage of Iron in Cells

A

Protein components (Heme)

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5
Q

Storage of Iron in Cells

A

Ferritin (Fe2+)

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6
Q

Excess Iron in cells

A

Causes toxicity

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7
Q

Normal Iron Ranges

A

55-160 ug/dL (Male)
40-155 ug/dL (Female)

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8
Q

Total Iron Binding Capacity

A

Sites on transferrin saturated with iron
Reference range: 255-450 ug/dL

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9
Q

Percent transferrin saturation

A

20-50%

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10
Q

Increased Total Iron Binding Capacity

A

Situations that cause increase in transferrin
- Late pregnancy
- Iron deficiency anemia (compensation)
- Acute hemorrhage
- Acute destruction of liver cells

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11
Q

Decreased Serum Iron

A

Dietary deficiency or malabsorption
Loss of iron (blood loss or late pregnancy)
Impaired release of stored iron

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12
Q

Decreased Total Iron Binding Capacity

A

Decreased synthesis of Transferrin
Increased loss of protein as in renal disease

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13
Q

Total Serum Iron Principle of Assay

A

Dissociate ferric iron from transferrin and reduce to ferrous form
Iron + Color Reagent = Color Change

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14
Q

TIBC Principle of Assay

A

Saturate transferrin with ferric iron
Remove excess free iron from reaction tube
Dissociate ferric iron from transferrin and reduce to ferrous form
Measure iron as in total serum iron procedure

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15
Q

Calculation for % Saturation

A

(Serum Iron/TIBC) x 100

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16
Q

Other forms of Iron

A

Ferritin
Transferrin
Hemosiderin
Hemochromocytosis

17
Q

Ferritin

A

Tissue Storage form
Sensitive indicator of Iron Deficiency Anemia

18
Q

Transferrin

A

Transport molecule for iron

19
Q

Hemosiderin

A

Insoluble iron deposits in tissue and bone marrow

20
Q

Hemochromocytosis

A

Excess iron deposition in tissues
Defective iron control
Multiple transfusion

21
Q

Ceruloplasm

A

Alpha-2-glycoprotein
Enzyme with 6 Cu atoms
Carries >95% of total Cu in plasma
Participates in conversion of ferrous iron to ferric iron
Works in association with transferrin after release from RES

22
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

Autosomal recessive disorder
Causes Cu buid-up in tissues
Genetic defect of Cu-ATPase ATP7B
Cu incorporation into ceruloplasmin is diminished

23
Q

Wilson’s Disease Symptoms

A

Cirrhosis
Kayser-Fleischer rings in cornea
May cause brain and kidney damage from Cu deposition

24
Q

Kayser-Fleischer rings

A

Ring of golden-brown or brownish-green pigment behind the limbic border of cornea

25
Q

Porphyrin Derivatives

A

4 Tetrapyrrole ring linked by methane bridges

26
Q

Oxidative compounds of Porphyrins

A

Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Vitamin B12
Chlorophyll
Cytochromes

27
Q

Porphyrin ring

A

Metal chelates
Hgb = Iron
Myoglobin = Iron
Vit B12 = Cobalt
Chlorophyll = Magnesium
Cytochromes = Cu & Fe

28
Q

Three Clinically Significant Porphyrins

A

Uroporphyrins (URO)
Coprophyrins (COPRO)
Protoporphyrins (PROTO)

29
Q

Uroporphyrins

A

8 Carboxyl groups
Highly soluble because of large number of -COOH side chains
Excreted primarily in urine
Soluble in blood & tissues

30
Q

Coproporohyrins

A

4 carboxyl groups
Demonstrates intermediate solubility
Excreted primarily in feces but also appears in urine

31
Q

Protoporphyrins

A

2 carboxyl groups
Least soluble
Located primarily within erythrocytes
Excreted only in feces
Most soluble in lipid solvents

32
Q

Biosynthesis of Porphyrins

A

Intermediate products in heme biosynthesis
Have no role in body function in free form
Appear in tissue and body fluids only as an abnormality in enzyme function

33
Q

Lead Toxicity

A

Binds to any compound with a sulhydryl group
Inhibits multiple enzymes in heme biosynthesis
Get elevations in delta ALA

34
Q

Lead Toxicity Test

A

Whole blood screening is the test of choice
Hair analysis for lead concentration is alternative marker for exposure

35
Q

Other heavy metals & organic solvents poisoning

A

Have been associated with porphyria

Chemistry (11 decks)

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