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AP Comparative Government and Politics > Iran Case Study Vocab > Flashcards

Iran Case Study Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

A

President of Iran from 2005 to 2013 (principalist)

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2
Q

Ashura

A

The most important Shia religious holiday, commemorating the death of Hussein, the grandson of the prophet Muhammad

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3
Q

Assembly of Experts

A

Elected body that chooses the supreme leader

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4
Q

ayatollah

A

In Shiite Islam, a title in the religious hierarchy achieved by scholars who have demonstrated highly advanced knowledge of Islamic law and religion

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5
Q

Basij

A

“People’s militia,” which serves as a public morals police

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6
Q

bonyads

A

Parastatal foundations made in part from assets nationalized after the Iranian Revolution

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7
Q

chief justice

A

Head of the judiciary

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8
Q

Constitutional Revolution

A

1905-06 uprising against Qajar dynasty by secular and religious leaders to limit the power of the monarchy and resist Western imperialism

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9
Q

Expediency Council

A

Appointed body that mediates between the Majlis and the Guardian Council over legislative disputes

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10
Q

Farsi

A

Language of Iran

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11
Q

Guardian Council

A

Appointed body that vets candidates for office and can overturn legislation

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12
Q

imams

A

Descendants of the prophet Muhammad, considered by Shia to be true political and religious leaders of Islam

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13
Q

Iran-Iraq War

A

The 1980-88 conflict between the two countries, started by Iraq

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14
Q

Islamic Republic of Iran

A

Name for postrevolutionary Iran

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15
Q

Islamism/Islamic fundamentalism

A

The belief that Islam should be the source of the political regime

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16
Q

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei

A

Current supreme leader of Iran, as of 1989

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17
Q

Mohammad Khatami

A

President of Iran from 1997 to 2005 (reformist)

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18
Q

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

A

First supreme leader of Iran, from 1980 to his death in 1989

19
Q

Koran (Quran)

A

Central holy book of Islam

20
Q

Mahdi

A

In Shiism, a term for the “hidden imam,” the descendant of Muhammad who will return to Earth to usher in a new age

21
Q

Majlis

A

Legislature of Iran

22
Q

Mohammad Mosaddeq

A

Prime minister of Iran; deposed in 1953 by Operation Ajax

23
Q

Muhammad

A

Main prophet of Islam

24
Q

National Front

A

Political party in Iran following World War II; it opposed the monarchy and favored greater Iranian control over natural resources; outlawed after Operation Ajax

25
Q

Operation Ajax

A

United States- and United Kingdom-backed overthrow of Iranian prime minister Mosaddeq in 1953

26
Q

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

A

Monarch of Iran from 1941 to 1979

27
Q

Reza Shah Pahlavi

A

Monarch of Iran from 1925 to 1941

28
Q

Persia

A

Name for Iran before 1935

29
Q

president (Iran)

A

In Iran, the head of government

30
Q

principalists

A

Term for political conservatives in Iran who oppose liberalization and political reform

31
Q

quietists

A

Description of view within Shiism that rejects theocracy and the direct role of religion in the state

32
Q

Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

A

President of Iran from 1989 to 1997

33
Q

Revolutionary Guard

A

Paramilitary force charged with defending the regime from domestic and internal enemies

34
Q

Hassan Rouhani

A

President of Iran from 2013 to 2021

35
Q

SAVAK

A

Secret police of prerevolutionary Iran

36
Q

Second Khordad Front

A

Reformist alliance that emerge in Iran to contest the 2000 Majlis elections

37
Q

Sharia

A

System of Islamic law

38
Q

Shiism

A

Minority sect of Islan that differs from Sunnism over the rightful heir and proper descendants of the prophet Muhammad

39
Q

supreme leader

A

Chief spiritual and political leader of Iran

40
Q

theocracy

A

Rule by religion or religious leaders

41
Q

ummah

A

Literally, “community;” meant to refer to the nation or Islamic communities everywhere

42
Q

velayat-e faqih

A

Rule by Islamic jurists; also, Islamic Republic’s political system, which places power in the hands of clerics

43
Q

White Revolution

A

Reforms enacted by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, beginning in 1963, to rapidly modernize and Westernize Iran

AP Comparative Government and Politics (11 decks)

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